Chapter
Implementation of the 18- Month Standard Treatment of Tuberculosis
Towards the 6- Month Short- Course Chemotherapy for Tuberculosis
Chapter 2: Tuberculosis Treatment Trials Past and Present: Old and New Challenges
Which Population Should We Be Using?
Selecting the Margin of Non- Inferiority
Chapter 3: The Rifamycins: Renewed Interest in an Old Drug Class
Updated Review of the Pharmacokinetics of the Rifamycins
Pharmacodynamics of the Rifamycins
Updated Review of Drug Interactions with the Rifamycins
Implications for Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice
Chapter 4: Isoniazid Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy in Adults and Children
The Actions of Isoniazid and Isoniazid Resistance
The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Isoniazid
The Dosage of Isoniazid in Children
Peripheral Neuropathy and Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Supplementation
Chapter 5: Recent Developments in the Study of Pyrazinamide: An Update
Mechanisms of Pyrazinamide Action
Pyrazinamide Activity in Persister Models
Conditions That Affect PZA Activity Other than Those That Slow Bacterial Metabolism
Future Perspectives and Implications of Pyrazinamide for New Persister Drug Development
Chapter 6: Experience with Phase III Clinical Trials of Antituberculosis Drugs and Regimens: Conclusions and Lessons for the Future
Chapter 7: Fluoroquinolones in the Management of Tuberculosis
Development and Structure
Activity against Tuberculosis
Other Clinical Studies and Series
Fluoroquinolones in Development for Tuberculosis
The Future of Fluoroquinolones
Chapter 8: Current Standard Treatment
Establishment and Efficacy of Short- Course Chemotherapy, the Current Standard of Care
Intermittency: Efficient and Cost- Effective, or Not?
Supervision of Therapy: Does DOT Matter?
Chapter 9: Tuberculosis Recurrence: Exogenous or Endogenous?
The Natural History of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Postprimary Tuberculosis: Endogenous Reactivation or Exogenous Reinfection
Differentiation of M. tuberculosis Strains
Molecular Epidemiology: Challenging the Dogma
The Clinical Relevance of Exogenous Reinfection
Chapter 10: Second- Line Antituberculosis Drugs: Current Knowledge, Recent Research Findings and Controversies
The Injectable Antituberculosis Agents: Aminoglycosides and Cyclic Polypeptides
Ethionamide and Prothionamide (Thioamides)
Cycloserine and Terizidone
β-Lactam Antibiotics in Combination with Clavulanate
Chapter 11: Acquisition, Transmission and Amplification of Drug- Resistant Tuberculosis
Can Combination Therapy Prevent the Acquisition of Drug Resistance?
The Dogma that Tuberculosis Control Programmes Prevent Transmission of M. tuberculosis Strains
How Tuberculosis Control Programmes Promoted the Amplification of Resistance
Curbing the Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Pandemic
Chapter 12: The Treatment of Tuberculosis in Children
Microbiological Basis for Treatment
Current Treatment Regimens
Following the Child Receiving Antituberculosis Chemotherapy
Chapter 13: Issues and Challenges in the Development of Novel Tuberculosis Drug Regimens
Drugs in Clinical Development
Chapter 14: Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Laboratory Susceptibility Testing
Genetic Aspects of Drug Resistance
Principles of Drug Susceptibility Testing in the Laboratory
Streptomycin, Amikacin, Kanamycin and Capreomycin
Amikacin, Kanamycin and Capreomycin
Diagnostic Drug Susceptibility Testing
Clinical Implications of Drug Resistance
Quantitative Drug Susceptibility Testing
Chapter 15: The Role of the Mouse Model in the Evaluation of New Antituberculosis Drugs
The Potential for More Rapid Assessment of Drug Efficacy in Mice
Measuring Sterilizing Activity
More Rapid Appraisal of Potential Sterilizing Activity
Modelling the Chemotherapy of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Understanding the Pharmacodynamics of Antituberculosis Drugs
Utility of Other Animal Models
Chater 16: Current Issues in Tuberculosis Pharmacokinetics
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring/Therapeutic Drug Management
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Rifamycins
Chapter 17: Pharmacological Considerations of Antitubercular Agents in Children
Cycloserine (Seromycin) and Terizidone
Clofazimine (Lamprene, B663)
Thiacetazone (Amithiozone, Thioacetazone)
The Diarylquinoline TMC207 (R207910)
Considerations for Paediatric Drug Development and Prospective Study Design
Chapter 18: Pharmacogenetics of Antituberculosis Drugs
Basic Concepts in Pharmacogenetics
Mechanisms for Genetic Variation to Affect Drug Response
Pharmacogenetics of Antituberculosis Drugs: Isoniazid
Other First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs
Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs
New Anti-TB Drugs in Development
Application of Pharmacogenetics in Clinical Practice and Barriers to Its Application
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter 19: Interactions between Antituberculosis and Antiretroviral Agents
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Antituberculosis Drug Concentrations in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pharmacokinetics in Children
First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens
Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens
Chapter 20: Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis Treatment
Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis – Epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis – Clinical Presentation
Combined Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis
Pharmacokinetics of Tuberculosis Drugs in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Tuberculosis Screening and Prophylactic Treatment for Diabetes Patients
Chaper 21: Early Bactericidal Activity of Antituberculosis Agents
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
New Classes of Antituberculosis Agents
Alternative Methodologies to Evaluate Bactericidal Activity
Chapter 22: Assessment of Whole- Blood Bactericidal Activity in the Evaluation of New Antituberculosis Drugs
Studies in Tuberculosis Patients
Studies in Healthy Volunteers
Questions for Future Research
Chapter 23: Serial Sputum Colony Counting in Drug Development
Bacteriological Biomarkers as Surrogates of Sterilizing Activity
Evolution of Quantitative Bacteriology
Recent Experience with Serial Sputum Colony Counting
The Nairobi Serial Sputum Colony Counting Study: Short Course and Standard Regimens
The Durban Serial Sputum Colony Counting Cohort: Fluoroquinolones in Drug- Susceptible Disease
The Bangkok Serial Sputum Colony Counting Cohort: Pharmacokinetic- Pharmacodynamic Analysis of First-Line Therapy
Serial Sputum Colony Counting in the Assessment of TMC207 in Multidrug- Resistant Disease
Chapter 24: The Evaluation of New Antituberculosis Drugs in Children
Burden of Childhood Tuberculosis
Treating Children with Tuberculosis
The Need for Access to New Drugs
The Regulatory Environment of Paediatric Drug Development
When to Initiate Paediatric Development
Children Are Not Small Adults
Development of Child-Friendly Drug Formulations
Tuberculosis Drug Development Guidance
Chapter 25: A New Era in Tuberculosis Treatment: What Does the Future Hold?
Barriers to Treatment Shortening
Antituberculosis Chemotherapy
( Progress in Respiratory Research )
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