Cartilage and Bone Development and Its Disorders ( Endocrine Development )

Publication series : Endocrine Development

Author: Camacho-Hübner C.; Nilsson O.; Sävendahl L.  

Publisher: S. Karger AG‎

Publication year: 2011

E-ISBN: 9783805597937

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9783805597920

Subject: R394 medical genetics;R58 Endocrine disease and metabolic disease;R62 The orthopedic surgery (surgery) to repair;R68 (content in Kinesiology of Department of Orthopedics diseases, orthopedics);R72 Pediatrics

Keyword: 医学遗传学,骨科学(运动系疾病、矫形外科学),儿科学,整形外科学(修复外科学),内分泌腺疾病及代谢病

Language: ENG

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Description

In systemic childhood diseases, including cancer, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and cardiac disorders, childhood growth is severely impaired. In addition, almost 400 known genetic diseases inhibit the ability of the growth plate to form new bone, leaving affected children with growth failure and bony deformities which can severely impact their quality of life and may lead to morbidity and early mortality.This book provides a comprehensive review of bone and cartilage development, growth and disease. Focusing on novel treatment strategies, regulatory signals and molecular mechanisms are discussed in relation to the diseases affecting them. Furthermore, novel methodologies in bone and cartilage research based on recent advances in skeletal stem cell biology, cartilage tissue engineering and allele-specific gene silencing is covered.Providing insight into the basic mechanisms of bone growth, structure and metabolism, research methodology, as well as discussing the clinical management of related diseases, this book is of particular value to physicians with a special interest in bone and cartilage biology; in particular endocrinologists and pediatric endocrinologists that see patients with growth disorders, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and skeletal dysplasias.

Chapter

Preface

List of Abbreviations

Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation

Abstract

Endochondral Ossification

Regulation by Growth Factors

Transcriptional Control of Cartilage Development

Chondrocyte Proliferation

Hypertrophic Differentiation

References

Local Regulation of Growth Plate Cartilage

Abstract

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein

Indian Hedgehog

Fibroblast Growth Factors

Bone Morphogenetic Protein

WNT Signaling

Conclusions

References

Growth Plate Senescence and Catch-Up Growth

Abstract

Acknowledgments

References

Endocrine Regulation of Longitudinal Bone Growth

Abstract

The GH-IGF-I Axis

GH Deficiency

GHR Defects

Defects in the GH Signal Transduction Pathway

IGF1 Defects

IGFALS Defects

IGF1R Defects

IGF2 Defects

Thyroxine

Glucocorticoids

Androgens

Estrogens

SHOX-BNP and CNP- NPR2 Pathway

Conclusion

References

Estrogen Signaling in Growth Plate Cartilage

Abstract

Classical Mechanism of Ligand-Dependent ER Action

ERE-Independent Activation of Transcription

Ligand-Independent Effects on Transcription

Nongenomic Action

Endogenous Estrogen Production by Chondrocytes

Effects of Estrogen Deficiency on Bone Growth

Estrogen Induces Fusion of the Growth Plate in Humans

Estrogen Treatment for Modulation of Bone Growth

Lessons from Mice Lacking ERα and/or ERβ

Direct Effects of Estrogens on Chondrocytes

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Conclusion

References

Methods to Study Cartilage and Bone Development

Abstract

Growth Plate Microdissection and Gene Expression

In vitro Methods in Growth Plate Research

Human Fetal Epiphyseal Cartilage and Chondrocyte Biology: Developmental and Clinical Applications

References

Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Phosphorus Metabolism

Abstract

Fibroblast Growth Factor-23

Sodium Phosphorus Symporters in the Osteocyte

FGF-23 as the Osteoblast Pi Threshold Keeper

Rickets due to High FGF-23

Increased FGF-23 Production by Osteocytes

Decreased FGF-23 Degradation

Increased FGF-23 Production by Tumors and Fibrous Lesions

Increased FGF-23 due to Increased Klotho Production

FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3 Mutations

FGF-23 and Tumoral Calcinosis

Conclusions

References

Molecular Defects Causing Skeletal Dysplasias

Abstract

Skeletal Dysplasias

Classification of Skeletal Dysplasias

Skeletal Dysplasia Families

Diagnosis

Conclusions

References

Allele-Specific Gene Silencing in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Abstract

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Cause of Disease and Clinical Manifestations

Current Treatment Options

Stem Cell Transfer

Gene Silencing by Inhibitory RNA

Future Challenges Regarding siRNAs in Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

Stem Cells in Skeletal Physiology and Endocrine Diseases of Bone

Abstract

Skeletal Stem Cells

Adventitial Cells as Skeletal Stem Cells

The Assayable Potency of Skeletal Stem Cells

Skeletal Stem Cells and the Hematopoietic Niche

Skeletal Stem Cells and Bone Physiology

Developmental Origin of Skeletal Stem Cells

Skeletal Stem Cells and Skeletal Diseases

Acknowledgments

References

Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Development of Cartilage

History of Clinical Applications in Cartilage Repair

Cell Sources of Cartilage Engineering

Biomaterials for Cartilage Repair

Future of Cartilage Tissue Engineering

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Cover

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