Chapter
From Technical to Clinical Research
Historical Milestones of a Long Pathway
From ‘Ultrafiltration’ to ‘Diafiltration’ and ‘Hemofiltration’
Hemodiafiltration as the Ultimate Modality
Fresenius and Hemodiafiltration
The Need to Go ‘On- Line’
Which Membranes for On- Line Filters?
Fresenius and On-Line Fluid Preparation
Our Standard in On- Line HDF: Online plusTM
Exciting New Technologies One Day Become Common Standards
Polysulfone: The Development of a Membrane for Convective Therapies
The Machine and the Therapy Concept
Diffusive Dialysis in the 1960s and 1970s
The Emerging Case for Added Convection – ‘Diafiltration’
Engineering and Clinic Collaboration
Natural Residual Renal Function and HDF
Clinical Rationale for HDF
Clinical Challenges and Technical Solutions
Backfiltration: Past, Present and Future
Historical Importance of Backfiltration
Factors Influencing Backfiltration
Evolution of Hemodialytic Techniques in Terms of Backfiltration
Producing On- Line Ultrapure Dialysis Fluid
Membrane Requirements for High-Flux and Convective Therapies
Membrane Matters in Hemodialysis
The Fabrication of Membranes Meeting the Needs of Modern Convective Therapies
Regulatory Challenges of On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Facing Regulatory Challenges ofOn- Line Hemodiafiltration
Evolution of the Regulatory Environment
The Clinical Appraisal of On-Line Hemodiafiltration
The Membrane Permeability Outcome Study
What Was the Rationale for the Membrane Permeability Outcome Study?
What Are the Results of the MPO Study?
What Is the Clinical Impact of the MPO Study?
The Early Years of On- Line HDF: How Did It All Start? How Did We Get Here?
Why Was High- Efficiency Hemodiafiltration Needed in the 1980s to Complete the Armamentarium of Renal Replacement Therapy?
What Does the Future Hold for On-Line Hemodiafiltration?
Evolution of the Concept of Biocompatibility and the Cardioprotective Effect of On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Chronic Inflammation and CD14+/CD16+ Monocytes
Why Are Inflammatory CD14+/CD16+ Cells Produced?
Role Played by CD14+/CD16+ Monocytes in Endothelial Damage
CD14+/CD16+ Inflammatory Monocytes in CKD Patients
Cardioprotective Effect of On- Line Hemodiafiltration
On-Line Hemodiafiltration in the Large RISCAVID Study
Experience of the RISCAVID
Chronic Inflammation and the Impact of Different HD Modalities on Morbidity and Mortality
Impact of Mineral Metabolism Derangements
Overcoming the Limitations of Post-Dilution On Line Hemodiafiltration: Mixed Dilution Hemodiafiltration
Domain of the Mixed HDF Concept
Scope of Mixed HDF and Infusion Modalities
Optimization of Sustainable Convection
Principles and Parameterization of Mixed Dilution HDF
Mixed HDF with Closed Loop Control and Adaption Mode
Experimental and Clinical Results of Mixed HDF
Fifteen Years of Experience with On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Beginnings of Hemodiafiltration
Beginnings of On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Learning Curve in On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Differences between Hemodialysis and On-Line Hemodiafiltration Regarding Removal of Uremic Toxins
Difficulties in the Development of On- Line Hemodiafiltration
‘Automated Manual Qi’ Is a Practical Way of Prescribing Post-Dilution On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Distinct Experiences with On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Prospective, Randomized Ongoing On- Line Hemodiafiltration Studies
Adopting On- Line Hemodiafiltrationas Standard Therapy in EME ANephroCare Centers
Focus on High-Flux Dialysis
On-Line HDF as Standard Therapy
Utilization of Hemodiafiltration as Treatment Modality in Renal Replacement Therapy for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients – A Global Perspective
Seeking an Optimal Renal Replacement Therapy for the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemic: The Case for On-Line Hemodiafiltration
Renal Replacement Therapy in the New Millennium: Unmet Clinical Needs
Renal Replacement Therapy in the New Millennium: Social, Ethical and Financial Issues
On-Line HDF: Short- and Long-Term Clinical Benefits
On-Line HDF: Evidence of Survival Benefits
On-Line HDF: A Therapy Meeting Multiple Requirements
Potential Future Technical Refinements of On-Line HDF
Conclusions: Adding Quality to Extended Life
On-Line Hemodiafiltration: The Journey and the Vision
( Contributions to Nephrology )
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