Coolies of the Empire ：Indentured Indians in the Sugar Colonies, 1830–1920

Publication subTitle ：Indentured Indians in the Sugar Colonies, 1830–1920

Author： Ashutosh Kumar

Publisher： Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year： 2017

E-ISBN: 9781108226059

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781107147959

Subject： K351.43 Indian mutiny later (1859 ~ 1947)

Keyword：亚洲史

Language： ENG

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Coolies of the Empire

Description

This book studies Indian overseas labour migration in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which involved millions of Indians traversing the globe in the age of empire, subsequent to the abolition of slavery in 1833. This migration led to the presence of Indians and their culture being felt all over the world. This study delves deep into the lives of these indentured workers from India who called themselves girmitiyas; it is a narrative of their experiences in India and in the sugar colonies abroad. It foregrounds the alternative world view of the girmitiyas, and their socio-cultural and religious life in the colonies. In this book, the author has developed highly original insights into the experience of colonial indentured migrant labour, describing the ways in which migrants managed to survive and even flourish within the interstices of the indentured labour system and how considerably the experience of migration changed over time.

Chapter

Cover

Coolies of the Empire

Title

Dedication

Contents

List of Figures and Maps

List of Tables

Preface

Abbreviations

1. Introduction: Indentured Emigrants in the Literature

Endnotes

2. Naukari, Network and Indenture

Introduction

Culture of Migration for Naukari

Becoming Coolie: Migration under the Indenture System

Awareness of the System and Places of Work

Returnees and Emigration Network

Moving Out from Patriarchal and Perennial Bonds

Conclusion

Endnotes

3. Regulating Indenture

Introduction

Historiography of Labour Legislations

Making of Early Regulations

The Making of the Emigration Act of 1883

Conclusion

Endnotes

4. The Journey

Introduction

The Shipping World

Debating Shipboard Mortality

Medical Provisions

Dietary Provisions during Journey

Make-up and Other Provisions

Experience of Emigrants aboard the Ship

Conclusion

Endnotes

5. Agriculture and Culture between Two Worlds

Introduction

Agriculture and Culture in North India

Sugarcane Production

Family Life and Marriage

Rituals of Birth and Death

Festivals

Religious Texts, Sects and Traditions

Conclusion

Endnotes

6. Writing the Girmitiya Experience

Introduction

Beginning of the Journey

Life on the Plantations

Religion under Indenture

Problems of Returnees

Leadership on the Plantation

Conclusion

Endnotes

7. The End of the Indenture System

M. K. Gandhi, the Indian National Congress (INC) and Indian Political Rights in South Africa

Indentured Women and Nationalist Mobilization

Gandhi, Arya Samaj and Mobilization against Indenture in India

Malaviya Resolution and the End of Indenture

Conclusion

Endnotes

8. Conclusion

Endnotes

Appendices

Appendix I: Original copy of the earliest agreement and correspondences related to Hunter Arbuthnot & Co. of Mauritius and Hill Coolies of Bengal

Agreement entered into by the parties

Appendix II: Original copy of agreement for the various colonies in English and Indian vernacular Languages, CO323/733

Appendix III: Caste, sex and numbers registered within and outside the district of origin (D/O) in United Provinces

Appendix IV: List of medicines carried on the ship during the journey and its description

Endnotes

Appendix V

Appendix VI: Petition by Girmitiyas address to the Governor of Fiji for a regulation to control the liberty of women vis- a- vis men

Appendix VII

Appendix VIII

Appendix IX

Appendix X

Appendix-XI

Glossary

Bibliography

Official Records

Index

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