The Idea of International Society :Erasmus, Vitoria, Gentili and Grotius

Publication subTitle :Erasmus, Vitoria, Gentili and Grotius

Author: Ursula Vollerthun; James L. Richardson  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9781108271769

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9781108417143

Subject: D81 international relations

Keyword: 外交、国际关系

Language: ENG

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The Idea of International Society

Description

This book offers the first comprehensive account and re-appraisal of the formative phase of what is often termed the 'Grotian tradition' in international relations theory: the view that sovereign states are not free to act at will, but are akin to members of a society, bound by its norms. It examines the period from the later fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries, focusing on four thinkers: Erasmus, Vitoria, Gentili and Grotius himself, and is structured by the author's concept of international society. Erasmus' views on international relations have been entirely neglected, but underlying his work is a consistent image of international society. The theologian Francisco de Vitoria concerns himself with its normative principles, the lawyer Alberico Gentili - unexpectedly, the central figure in the narrative - with its extensive practical applications. Grotius, however, does not re-affirm the concept, but wavers at crucial points. This book suggests that the Grotian tradition is a misnomer.

Chapter

War

Gierke’s Account

Wight’s Account

Bull’s Account

Comparing the Three Accounts

Differing Contexts

The Concept of International Society

Questions Suggested by the Hypothesis

2 Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam

Erasmus and the Events of His Time

Erasmus in Opposition to Realism

Erasmus in Opposition to Universalism

Erasmus Presents a Model of the Perfect Temporal Christian Prince

Erasmus Presents a Model of the Perfect Spiritual Christian Prince

The World as It Ought to Be: The Idea of Harmonious Discord

Law as a Link

Learning as a Link

Moderation as a Link

The Question of War

Some Reflections in Conclusion

3 Francisco de Vitoria

Vitoria and the Events of His Time

Vitoria’s Position within the Three Traditions of Thought

The Perfect Temporal Community

The Perfect Spiritual Community

The World as a Community of Perfect Communities

Laws

Rights and Obligations

The Question of War

Moderation

Administering a Perfect Temporal Community

Spreading the Christian Religion

Waging a Just War

Conclusion

4 Alberico Gentili

Gentili and the Events of His Time

The Initial Spark

Examples and Cases

Gentili and the Three Traditions of Thought

The Perfect Ambassador

‘Graces and Refinements’

‘Virtues’

The State, a Public Part of the World

The Formal Position of the State

The Use and Abuse of Power by Those Who Rule

The Subject or Citizen: ‘Participant in the Burdens and Honours of the State’

The World, a Lofty Structure

The Frame

The Cohesive Materials

Commerce as a Link

Diplomacy as a Link

Purposes

Law

The Question of War

Efficient Cause

Material Cause

Divine Causes

Natural Causes

Human Causes

Formal Cause

Final Cause

Assessment

Moderation

Conclusion

5 Hugo Grotius

Life and Works

Grotius and the Events of His Time

Grotius and the Three Traditions of Thought

The Fatherland

Great Age

Love of Independence

A Moderate Government

A Virtuous People

Valued as an Ally

The State and the Ruler

Definition

Origin and Purpose

Civil or Sovereign Power

Ruler and Subject

Human Society: Another Kind of Commonwealth

Origin

Membership

Law

States and Rulers

A Plurality Rather Than a Society of States and Rulers?

Plurality and Equality

The Law of Nations

Good Faith

Religion

Civilization

Commerce

Free Commerce between Private Individuals in the Interest of Human Society

Free Commerce in the Interest of the State

Free Commerce between States in the Interest of Human Society

Monopolized Commerce in the Interest of the State

De Jure Belli ac Pacis

Diplomacy

The Question of War

Just Private War

Just Public War

Formal War

Materially or Morally Just Public War

Moderation

Conclusion

Conclusion

The Pattern of Ideas

States and Rulers

That Which Links and Circumscribes

That Which Is Desirable: Values

Independence

Co-operation

Justice

Peace

Moderation

Beyond the Via Media

The Question of a Tradition

Implications and Questions

History of International Thought

The English School

The Discipline

Whole and Part

A Question of Priorities

The Public Profile

Bibliography

Primary Sources

Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam

Francisco de Vitoria

Alberico Gentili

Hugo Grotius

Secondary Sources

Index

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