TRABECULAR AND CORTICAL BONE MORPHOLOGY, BIOMECHANICS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

TRABECULAR AND CORTICAL BONE MORPHOLOGY, BIOMECHANICS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter I Trabecular Bone: Morphology, Biomechanics and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Introduction

1. Trabecular Bone Anatomy

and Morphology

1.1. Trabecular Bone Embryology and Growth

1.2. Trabecular Bone Structure

1.3. Trabecular Bone Morphometry

2. Pathophysiology of Trabecular Bone

Aging, Nutrition, Sex, Hormonal Statuses and Mineral Resources Affect TbB

3. Trabecular Bone Interaction with Cortical and Subchondral Bone

The Importance of the CtB- and ScB-TbB Interfaces

4. Non-Invasive Trabecular Bone Imaging

5. Histology of Trabecular Bone

6. Trabecular Bone Endocrinology and Interactions with Soft Tissue

7. Trabecular Bone Biomechanics

Loading and TbB

TbB Mechanical Injury and Repair

8. Major Clinical Conditions

That Trabecular Bone Is Affected

Osteoporosis

Osteosclerosis and Ostepetrosis Syndromes

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter II Cortical Bone As an Enduring Depot of Bone-Seeking Contaminants – Evaluation of Cortical Bone Resorption Rate on the Basis of a Contaminant (90Sr): Measurement in Humans

Abstract

Characteristics of the Structure of Cortical Bone and Accumulation of Contaminants

Techa River Strontium Data on Cortical Bone

Cortical Bone of Adolescents is the Best “Long-Term Storage” for Toxic Contaminants

Cortical Bone of Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Has the Second Largest Impact on Accumulation of Toxic Contaminants

Cortical Bone-Resorption Rate Estimated from the Techa River Data

Unique Method of Evaluation of the Cortical Bone-Resorption Rate with the Use of 90Sr as a Tracer

Cortical Bone Resorption Rate in the Period of Relative Stable Bone Mass from 25 to 50-55 Years

Cortical Bone Resorption Rate in Men Aged 50–80 Years and for Women 0–30 Years after Menopause

Conclusion

References

Chapter III Evaluation of Apparent Stress and Strain at the Fracture of the Human Trabecular Bone under Quasi-Static Compression Load Using Micro-CT Finite Element Simulation

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Material and Methods

2.1. FE Simulation of Bone Fracture Initiation and Propagation under Quasi-Static Load

2.1.1. Simulation of Crack Propagation Based an Element Deletion Method

2.1.2. Regularization of Crack Propagation Dependence on Mesh Size

2.2. Trabecular Bone Specimens

2.3. Validation Experiments

2.4. FE Simulation

2.5. Model Parameters Sensitivity Analysis

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Sensitivity Analysis

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter IV Application of Computational Modeling to Predict the Effect of Exercise on Whole Bone Strength

Abstract

Introduction

Strength Adaptation of Bone

Current Countermeasures

Computational Modeling

Conclusion

References

Chapter V Advancements in Cortical Bone Imaging

Abstract

Background

Evolution of Cortical Bone Imaging

X-Ray

CT, µCT and Present Day Nano-CT

Imaging the Vascularity of Cortical Bone

Traditional and Emerging Radiomorphometrics

Morphomics

Corroborating Analytics and Emerging Innovations

Near IR and Raman Spectroscopy

References

Chapter VI Morphology of the Pelvis (Acetabulum) and Femur

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Statistical Analysis

Pelvis (Acetabulum)

Morphologic Features

Measurements

Results

Clinical Applications

< Femur>

Morphologic Features

Measurements

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter VII The Release Kinetics of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins from Demineralized Cortical Bone Grafts

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Bone Processing and Demineralization

Elution of BMP-7 from DBM into SB

Measurement of BMP-7 Content of DBM and SB after Elution

Statistical Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

References

Chapter VIII Preservation of Cortical Bone in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Procedures

Abstract

Applications

Benign Expansile Intraosseous Pathosis

Technique

Maxillary Sinus Access

Cortical Bone Preservation in Reduction of Enlarged Maxillary Tuberosities

Tuberoplasty Technique

Bony Excess

Impacted Tooth in the Edentulous Maxillary Tuberosity

Discussion

Advantages of Preserving the Buccal Cortex

Advantages of Preservation of Cortical Bone in the Elderly

In Tuberoplasty

Removal of Impacted Roots or Teeth

Conclusion

References

Index