Appetite: Regulation, Use of Stimulants and Cultural and Biological Influences ( Human Anatomy and Physiology )

Publication series :Human Anatomy and Physiology

Author: Julie Bienertova-Vasku  

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781631172434

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9781631172410

Subject: R3 Basic Medical

Keyword: Anatomy and Physiology

Language: ENG

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Appetite: Regulation, Use of Stimulants and Cultural and Biological Influences

Chapter

Chronotype and Food Intake

Food Intake and Seasonal Rhythms

Selected Disorders Linked to Chronobiological Aspects of Appetite

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA)

Night Eating Syndrome (NES)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Implications for Obesity Prevention and Treatment

Light Hygiene and Light Therapy

Food Timing

Melatonin and Its Analogs

Summary and Conclusion

References

Chapter 3: Food Reward and Food Addiction

Abstract

Introduction

Brain Structures Participating in Food Reward

“Liking” and “Wanting” Differentiation

Dopaminergic Reward Pathway

Food and Signalization in the Reward Pathway

Adaptations Caused by the Chronic Intake of Reinforcing Substances

Long-Term Effects of the Diet on Reward Circuitry Signalization

Conclusions and Caveats

Appendix: Animal Models of Addiction

Operant Self-Administration (Auto-Application, IVSA in Case of Intravenous Application)

Intracranial Self-Stimulation (ICSS)

Conditioned Place Preference (CPP)

Place Aversion

Drug Discrimination (DD)

Modeling Behavioral Sensitization

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 4: Behavioral Rodent Models of Eating Disorders

Abstract

1. Introduction, Scope

2. General Validity Issues of Animal

Models in Psychopharmacology

3. Behavioral Models of Anorexia Nervosa

3.1. Activity Based Anorexia Model (ABA, Semi-Starvation Induced Hyperactivity, Self-Starvation)

3.2. Separation Stress Model

3.3. Food Restriction Model (Diet Restriction)

4. Behavioral Models of Bulimia Nervosa

4.1. Maternal Separation Stress Induced Hyperphagia

4.2. Sham Feeding Model

4.3. Model Based on Dieting History

5. Behavioral Models of Binge Eating

5.1. Model Based on Dieting and Stress History

5.2. Maternal Separation Stress-Induced Hyperphagia Triggered by Fasting and Re-Feeding Cycles

5.3. Limited Access Model of Binge Eating

5.4. The Sugar Binging/Sugar Addiction Model

6. Operant Models of Food Intake and Food Addiction

6.1. Motivation (Appetitive Behavior)

6.2. Assessment of Tolerance

6.3. Reward Seeking Despite Punishment

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5: Adipose Tissue Endocrine Regulations in Metabolic Syndrome and Appetite

Abstract

Introduction, Aim and Scope of The Text

1. Metabolic Syndrome

1.1. Definition of the Disorder

1.2. Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome

1.3. Insulin Resistance as a Key Factor in MetS

1.4. Inflammatory Hypothesis of MetS

2. Adipose Tissue and Its Endocrine Functions

2.1. Adipokines Important in Metabolic Syndrome: Supporting Insulin Signaling

Leptin

Adiponectin

Visfatin

Omentin

Vaspin

2.2. Adipokines Important in Metabolic Syndrome: Suppressing Insulin Signaling

Resistin

Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein (AFABP)

TNF-α

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)

3. Metabolic Syndrome and Appetite Regulation

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

Author Contributions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6: Effects of Exercise on Appetite-Related Hormonal Regulations

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Appetite-Related Hormones

(1.) Ghrelin

(2.) Leptin

(3.) GLP-1 and PYY

3. Influence of Acute Exercise on Appetite-Related Hormones and Subsequent Energy Intake

(1.) Endurance Exercise

(2.) Intensity of Endurance Exercise

4. Influence of Exercise Mode

(1.) Resistance Exercise

(2.) Other Exercise Mode

5. Environmental Condition During Exercise

(1.) Hypoxia

(2.) Ambient Temperature

6. Effects of Chronic Exercise on Appetite-Related Hormones and Energy Intake

Summary

References

Chapter 7: Appetite Stimulants in Cancer Patients: Still a Challenge

Abstract

Introduction

Corticosteroids

Cyproheptadine

Cannabinoids

Megestrol Acetate

Thalidomide

Future

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Understanding Eating Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract

1. Breastfeeding

2. Food Choice

2.1. Product-related Factors

2.2. Consumer-Related Factors – Personal Features

2.3. Consumer-related Factors – Psychological Factors

2.4. Consumer-related Factors – Physiological Factors

3. The Impact of Ambience

4. Eating Behavior and Communication

5. Culture, Society and Social Norms

6. Eating and Interaction

7. Feeding Practices

8. Food Refusal

9. Dealing with Eating Difficulties in Children with ASD

References

Chapter 9: Double Heterozygotes for ACE ID and AGT M235T Polymorphisms Are in Lower Risk of Developing Non-Syndromic Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Possible Role of Appetite?

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Subjects

Diagnostic Criteria for Preeclampsia

Intrauterine Growth Restriction Diagnostic Criteria

Laboratory Methods

Statistics

Results

ACE ID Polymorphism

AGT M235T Polymorphism

ACE ID and AGT M235T Polymorphisms Combination

Discussion

Perspectives

Acknowledgments

Declaration of Interest

Condensation

References

Chapter 10: Two Common Ghrelin Gene Polymorphisms Linked to Anthropometric and Dietary Characteristics of the Central European Population

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Study Subjects

Anthropometric Characteristics

Dietary Intake

Genotyping

Determination of Plasma Leptin Levels

Statistics

Results

Characteristics of the Study Population

Relationship between the Investigated Polymorphisms and Anthropometric Parameters

Relationship between the Investigated Polymorphisms and Dietary Composition

Relationship between the Investigated Polymorphisms and Circulating Leptin Levels

Discussion

Acknowledgments

Declaration of Interest

References

Editor Contact Information

Index

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