MICROBES IN PROCESS

MICROBES IN PROCESS

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Industrial Microbiology

3. Microbial Metabolites

4. Microbial Products

5. Antibiotics Produced by Microrganisms

6. Biotechnology of Enzymes

7. Genetically Engineered Bacteria

8. Microorganisms and Metals

9. Biotechnology and Environment

10. Biotechnological Applications in Food Processing

11. New Challenges of Industrial Microbiology

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2: Valuable Products from Microbes

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Natural Products and Chemically-Synthesized Drugs Derived from Them

3. Why the Necessity for Developing New Antibiotics?

4. Actions Taken against Resistance to Antimicrobials

5. Resistance of Antifungals

6. Additional Applications of Microbial Natural Products

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 3: Biotechnological Potential of Citrus Peels

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Production and Composition of Citrus by-Products

3. Bioprocesses Involving Citrus Peels

4. Other Uses

5. The Biorefinery Concept

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 4: Production of Fuel Ethanol from Cane Molasses

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Composition of Cane Molasses

3. Heating of Molasses

4. Fermentation Nutrients

5. Wild Yeast and Bacterial Contamination

6. Wild Yeast Management

7. Inhibition of Bacterial Contamination

8. Modern Ethanol Production

9. Commercial Yeast Production

10. Commercial Yeast Formats

11. Cell Recycle

12. Addition of Enzymes

13. Vinasses

14. Distillery Yields

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 5: Neurospora crassa: A Promising Candidate for Bioethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Overview of the Ethanol Production Process

3. The Fungus Neurospora crassa

4. Ethanol Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 6: Microbial Chitinases: Manifestation and Prospective

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Microbial Chitinase

3. Crystal Structures of Microbial Chitinolytic Enzymes

4. Mechanism of Chitinase Action

5. Biotechnological Applications

Conclusion and Future Trends

References

Chapter 7: Fungal Laccases: A Promising Eco-Friendly Approach for the Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Fungal Laccases

3. Occurrence and Fate of Pharmaceutical Compounds

4. Degradation of Pharmaceutical Compounds by Laccase-Producing Fungi and Their Laccases

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 8: Inulinases

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Definition and Classification

3. Substrates Used for Inulinase Production

4. Microorganisms Producing Inulinases

5. Purification of Inulinases

6. Characteristics of Inulinases

7. Applications of Inulinases

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 9: Functional Foods: Health Benefits and Future Challenges

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. History

3. Definition

4. Emerging Functional Foods

5. Industrial Functional Foods

6. Health Claims

7. Scientific Evidenc for Functional Foods

8. Future Challenges

Additional Knowledge

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 10: Probiotics’ Potentialities in Dairy and Non-Dairy Products

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Sources of Probiotics

3. Requirements for the Use of Probiotic Strains

4. Probiotic Effects on Health Benefits

5. Probiotic Dairy Products

6. Probiotic in Non-Dairy Products

7. Market of Probiotic Dairy Products

8. Technological Advances of Probiotics

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: Bacterial Survival Strategies and the Microbiological Safety of Food

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Abiotic Stress Response

3. Bacterial Survival Strategies

4. Microbial Safety of Food Products

5. Potentially Hazardous Foods

6. Survival Strategy of Some Food Borne Pathogens

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12: Diversity and Biopotential of Plant-Associated Endophytic Actinomycetes

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Overview of Actinomycetes in Nature

3. Mechanisms of Mode of Action of Endophytic Actinomycetes

4. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Endophytic Actinomycetes

5. Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens

6. Future Perspectives

References

Chapter 13: Biosurfactant Production from Agro-Industrial By-Products and Wastes

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Alternative Substrates for Biosurfactant Production to Overcome the High Cost of Production

3. Substrates from Other Sources

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Conflict of Interest

References

Chapter 14: Control of Corrosion Caused by Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Metabolic By-Products and Corrosion Phenomenon

3. Testing for SRB

4. Control of SRB Corrosion

5. Industries Affected by Microbial Corrosion

6. Cost of SRB Corrosion

7. Recent Work on Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 15: Production and Application of Siderophore

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Production of Siderophores

3. Application of Siderophore

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 16: Versatile Biological Macromolecules: Chitin and Chitosan

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Chitin

3. Chitosan

4. Applications of Chitin and Chitosan

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 17: Development of Nanocompounds as Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes

3. Silica Nanoparticles

4. Silver Nanoparticles

5. Nanoencapsulation

6. Iron Nanoparticles

7. Fluoride Nanoparticles

8. Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles

9. Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

10. Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

11. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

12. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

13. Selenium Nanoparticles

14. Poly-L-Lactide Nanoparticles

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Conflict of Interest

References

Index