AVASCULAR NECROSIS ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

AVASCULAR NECROSIS ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Pathogenesis of Avascular Necrosis

Abstract

Introduction

Pathogenesis

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 Pathologic Basis of Avascular Necrosis

Abstract

Introduction

Pathological Features

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3 Radiology of Avascular Necrosis

Abstract

Introduction

Imaging Modalities

Imaging Findings in AVN

Radiology of Specific Joints

AVN in the Lower Limb

Upper Limb

Other Carpal Bones

Osteochondroses

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4 Kümmell’s Disease

Abstract

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Clinical Presentation

Radiography

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5 Avascular Necrosis of the Hip

Abstract

Etiology

Pathophysiology

Histopathology

Radiographic Evaluation

Lesion Size

Head Depression

Acetabular Involvement

Intra-operative Assessment

Non Operative Treatment Options

Alternative Treatment Options

Core Decompression

Bone Grafting trough Articular Cartilage

Bone Grafting through the Femoral Neck

Vascularised Bone Grafting

Use of Osteoinductive Substancesalong with Core Decompression

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cell Grafting

Osteotomies

Osteochondral Grafts

Arthrodesis

Hip Arthroscopy

Hip Arthroplasty

Hemiarthroplasty

Metal-on: Metal Surface Arthroplasty

Total Hip Arthroplasty

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 Osteonecrosis of the Knee

Abstract

Introduction

Aetiology

Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee

Post-arthroscopic Osteonecrosis

Secondary Osteonecrosis of the Knee

Clinical Features

Investigation

Staging

Management

Prevention

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7 Avascular Necrosis of the Foot Bones

Abstract

Introduction

Freiberg Disease

Mueller-Weiss Syndrome

AVN of the Intermediate Cuneiform

Avascular Necrosis of the Hallucal Sesamoids

Post Surgical AVN of First Metatarsal Head Following Metatarsal Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Surgery

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 8 Avascular Necrosis of the Humeral Capitellum: Panner’s Disease

Abstract

Introduction

Aetiology

Clinical Presentation

Radiological Features

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 Avascular Necrosis of the Lunate (Kienböck’s Disease)

Abstract

Introduction

Anatomy

Etiology

Natural History and Classification

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10 Avascular Necrosis of the Scaphoid

Abstract

Introduction

Anatomy and Biomechanics

Aetiology

Diagnosis

Classification

Treatment

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11 Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head after Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

Abstract

Introduction

Vascular Development of the ProximalFemur in Children

Osseous Development of the Proximal Femur

Presentation and Classification of SCFE

Incidence of AVN after SCFE

Aetiology and Risks Factors

Chondrolysis

Treatment of AVN after SCFE

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12 Bone Marrow Oedema Syndrome

Abstract

Introduction

Epidemiology

Aetiology and Pathogenesis

Clinical Presentation

Laboratory Tests

Diagnostic Imaging

Histological Findings

Differential Diagnosis

Conclusion

References

Index