THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY: DISCOVERIES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY: DISCOVERIES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: The Birth of the Field of Organic Phosphorus Chemistry

Abstract

1.1. Introduction

1.2. Experimental Work with Phosphorus Compounds in the Nineteenth Century

1.3. The Naming of Organophosphorus Compounds

1.4. The Status of Organic Chemical Theory in the Mid-Nineteenth Century

1.5. The Observation of the First Compound with a Carbon-Phosphorus Bond

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2: The Pioneering Work of August Wilhelm Hofmann in Organophosphorus Chemistry*

Abstract

2.1. Introduction

2.2. A Brief Biography of August Wilhelm Hofmann (Later von Hofmann), 1818-1892

2.3. Research Accomplishments of August W. Hofmann in Organophosphorus Chemistry

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3: The Many Research Accomplishments of August Michaelis

Abstract

3.1. Introduction

3.2. A Brief Biography of K. A. August Michaelis, 1847-1916

3.3. The Synthesis and Reactions of Aryl Phosphonous Dihalides (ArPX2)

3.A. With Alcohols

3.B. With Sulfur

3.C. With Organometallics to Synthesize Tertiary Phosphines

3.4. Synthesis and Reactions of Diarylphosphinous Chlorides

3.5. The Synthesis and Reactions of Alkylphosphonous Dichlorides

3.6. The Synthesis of Phosphines from Chlorophosphorus Compounds; Derivatives Prepared from the Phosphines

3.7. Synthesis and Properties of P-aryl Phosphorus Acids

7.A. Phosphonic Acids

7.B. Phosphinic Acids (Ar2PO(OH))

7.C. Phosphonous Acids (ArPH(O)(OH))

7.D. Phosphinous Acids (Ar2P-OH)

3.8. The Synthesis of P-Alkyl Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids

3.9. Other Investigations

9.A. Reactions Making P-S Bonds

9.B. Reaction of Trivalent Phosphorus Halides with Acetone

9.C. Observations on the Structure of Trivalent P-Hydroxy Compounds

9.D. Observations on the Valence of Phosphorus

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4: The Contributions of Other Chemists, 1870-1900

Abstract

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Phosphorus Acids

4.A. New Synthetic Methods

4.B. Syntheses of New Phosphonic Acids

4.3. Phosphines

4.4. Phosphine Derivatives: Salts and Oxides

4.5. Phosphorus Halides

Conclusion

References

Appendix: Full Names of Journals Cited

Index