PRACTICAL DEMENTIA CARE FOR ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME OR WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

PRACTICAL DEMENTIA CARE FOR ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME OR WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

DEDICATION

CONTENTS

PREFACE

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Chapter 1: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF DEMENTIA IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

CONCLUSION

Chapter 2: OVERVIEW OF DEMENTIA IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

INTRODUCTION

EPIDEMIOLOGY

CAUSES OF DEMENTIA

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DEMENTIA

RISK FACTORS FOR DEMENTIA

STAGES OF DEMENTIA

ASSESSMENT AND INVESTIGATIONS

DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA

EARLY DETECTION

MANAGEMENT

CONCLUSION

Chapter 3: MEMORY LOSS

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION OF MEMORY

ASSESSMENT FOR MEMORY LOSS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MEMORY LOSS

TREATMENT FOR MEMORY LOSS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 4: DELIRIUM

INTRODUCTION

CAUSES OF DELIRIUM

DIAGNOSIS

MANAGEMENT

CONCLUSION

Chapter 5: BEHAVIOURAL ISSUES

INTRODUCTION

AGITATION AND AGGRESSION

INAPPROPRIATE REACTIONS

INAPPROPRIATE URINATION

FEARS AND PHOBIAS

SLEEP PROBLEMS

DRESSING AND UNDRESSING

MOBILITY PROBLEMS

TOILETING

DENTAL ISSUES

SKIN CARE AND PRESSURE SORES

INAPPROPRIATE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

OBSESSIVE AND RITUALISTIC BEHAVIOUR

MANAGEMENT OF BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 6: COMMUNICATION DIFFICULTIES

INTRODUCTION

APPROACHES TO GOOD COMMUNICATION

APPROACHES FOR GOOD LISTENING

CONCLUSION

Chapter 7: URINARY AND FAECAL INCONTINENCE

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF URINARY INCONTINENCE

CAUSES OF URINARY INCONTINENCE

ASSESSMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

INCONTINENCE MANAGEMENT

FAECAL INCONTINENCE

CAUSES OF FAECAL INCONTINENCE

ASSESSMENT OF FAECAL INCONTINENCE

MANAGEMENT OF FAECAL INCONTINENCE

CONCLUSION

Chapter 8: EPILEPSY

INTRODUCTION

FORMS OF EPILEPSY IN PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES (ID) AND DEMENTIA

SEIZURES AND DEMENTIA

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF EPILEPSY

INVESTIGATION OF SEIZURES

DRUG TREATMENT FOR EPILEPSY

PROCEDURE FOR MANAGING A SEIZURE

TREATMENT OF STATUS EPILEPTICUS

EPILEPSY AND COGNITION

CONCLUSION

Chapter 9: AGGRESSION

INTRODUCTION

CAUSES OF AGGRESSION

TYPES OF AGGRESSION

IMPACT ON CARERS

ASSESSMENT OF AGGRESSION

MANAGEMENT OF AGGRESSION

CONCLUSION

Chapter 10: NUTRITION AND DYSPHAGIA

INTRODUCTION

NUTRITION

WEIGHT LOSS

DYSPHAGIA AND POOR FLUID INTAKE

MANAGEMENT OF NUTRITION ISSUES

MANAGEMENT OF DYSPHAGIA

PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY (PEG) FEEDING

CONCLUSION

Chapter 11: WANDERING

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF WANDERING

CAUSES

COMPLICATIONS OF WANDERING

MANAGEMENT OF WANDERING

CONCLUSION

Chapter 12: VISION AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT

INTRODUCTION

CAUSES OF VISION AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT

ASSESSMENT OF VISION AND HEARING LOSS

MANAGEMENT OF SENSORY IMPAIRMENT

CONCLUSION

Chapter 13: FALLS AND PREVENTION

INTRODUCTION

RISK FACTORS FOR FALLS

RISK ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

DEMENTIA AND RISK OF FALLS

MANAGEMENT

CONCLUSION

Chapter 14: PRESSURE SORES AND WOUNDS

INTRODUCTION

THE DEFINITION OF A PRESSURE SORE

RISK FACTORS

CLASSIFICATION

ASSESSMENT OF PRESSURE SORES AND WOUNDS

MANAGEMENT OF PRESSURE SORES AND WOUNDS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 15: DEPRESSION AND MOOD SWINGS

INTRODUCTION

CAUSES OF DEPRESSION

DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

ASSESSMENT FOR DEPRESSION

MANAGEMENT

CONCLUSION

Chapter 16: USE OF MEDICATION

INTRODUCTION

GUIDELINES FOR GOOD PRESCRIBING IN THE OLDER DS OR ID POPULATIONS WITH DEMENTIA

PHYSIOLOGY

PHYSICAL ILLNESS

COMPLIANCE

DRUG TREATMENTS FOR DEMENTIA

DEMENTIA DRUG THERAPY

ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION FOR BEHAVIOUR AND PSYCHOTIC FEATURES

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

MOOD STABILISERS

ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION

ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATION

MEDICATION FOR INSOMNIA

CONCLUSION

Chapter 17: DAYCARE AND LONG-TERM PLACEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF A DAYCARE OR LONG-TERM PLACEMENT

FACTORS AFFECTING A HIGH QUALITY SERVICE

CONCLUSION

Chapter 18: END-OF-LIFE CARE

INTRODUCTION

END-STAGE DEMENTIA

RECOGNIZING DYING

ISSUES FOR END-OF-LIFE CARE

RESUSCITATION

SOCIAL AND FAMILY CONCERNS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 19: ROLE OF PROFESSIONALS AND SERVICES

INTRODUCTION

CONSULTANT PSYCHIATRISTS

SPECIALIST NURSE IN OLDER ADULTS

CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

GENERAL PRACTITIONERS (GPS)

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS

COMMUNITY LEARNING DISABILITY NURSES

SOCIAL WORKERS/CARE MANAGERS

PHYSIOTHERAPISTS

SPEECH AND LANGUAGE THERAPISTS

DIETICIANS

PHARMACISTS

CONCLUSION

Chapter 20: SEEKING HELP AND SUPPORT FROM SERVICES

INTRODUCTION

CONSULTING THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER/MEDICAL PHYSICIAN

REFERRAL TO A SPECIALIST

THE COMMUNITY LEARNING DISABILITY TEAM (CLDT)

MEMORY CLINICS

SOCIAL SERVICES (LOCAL AUTHORITIES)

VOLUNTARY AND PRIVATE ORGANIZATIONS

PERSONAL EMOTIONAL SUPPORT

SOCIAL NETWORKS

FAMILY ISSUES

DO’S

DON’TS

CULTURAL ISSUES

CONCLUSION

Chapter 21: OTHER ADVICE AND SUPPORT ISSUES

INTRODUCTION

DRESSING AND UNDRESSING

DAILY LIVING SKILLS

FALLING

BATHING

BRUSHING TEETH

SHAVING

WASHING HAIR

EXERCISE

HOLIDAYS

ROUTINE

SAFETY ISSUES

EMERGENCY SUPPORT

PREPARATION FOR DEATH

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONAL RECORDS

ACCESS PERSONAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS

FINANCES

CONCLUSION

Chapter 22: LEGAL ISSUES

INTRODUCTION

A. MENTAL CAPACITY ACT (2005)

B. DOLS (DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY SAFEGUARDS)

C. COURT OF PROTECTION

D. MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1983

CONCLUSION

GLOSSARY

REFERENCES

INDEX