Chapter
Chapter II: Pathophysiology of Strokes
Mechanisms of Neuronal Injury
Cerebral Edema and Its Effects
Effects of Ischemia on Structural Integrity of Brain
Brain Repairment after Stroke
Chapter III: Inflammation and Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Strokes
Immune Activation and Systemic Inflammation before a Stroke
Post-Ischemic Inflammation
Proinflammatory Cytokines in Strokes
Anti-Inflammatory Strategies
Chapter IV: Major Advances in the Treatment of Strokes
Mechanisms of Neuronal Injury and the Therapeutic Possibilities
Current Status of Neuroprotectant Development: Drug Development Shortcomings
Drugs Used in Acute Stroke Therapy
Endovascular Therapy of Acute Stroke
Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis
Intra-arterial (IA) Mechanical Therapies
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
Endovascular Thromboaspiration
Endovascular Thrombectomy
Temporary Endovascular Bypass
Promising Directions and Potential Targets in Neuroprotectant Development
Modulating Astrocyte Activity
Inhibiting Effects of Microglia
Neuroprotective Therapies
Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
Inflammation: A Deleterious Event or a Beneficial Response?
Excitotoxicity and NMDA Glutamate Receptors
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Repair and Recovery Strategies of Stroke: Trophic Factors and Cell-Based Therapies
Macrophage Polarization as Therapeutic Tool
M1 versus M2: Classical Versus Alternative Activation
Classically Activated Macrophages (M1)
Alternatively Activated Macrophages (M2)
Future Directions: Therapeutic Targeting of Macrophage Subsets
Moving Forward: Charting a Course toward New Stroke Therapies
How Does the Brain Protect Itself? Lessons from Ischemic Tolerance
Therapeutic Hypothermia: Engaging Pleiotropic Mechanisms in Multiple Cell Types
Gaining Insight from the Bedside: Utility of Biomarkers
Current Devices Used for Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia
Stent-Assisted Recanalization in Acute Ischemic
Future Directions in Stroke Therapy: Logistics of Care
Chapter V: Stem Cells and Treatment of Strokes
Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke Patients: The Challenges
Which Stem Cells Should Be Used?
Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells
Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs)
Mechanism of Action of Stem Cell Therapy
Promotion of Neurogenesis and Other Endogenous Repair Processes by Stem Cell Therapy
Benefits of Stem Cell Therapy to Patients
Optimal Timing for Treatment
Delivery Route of Stem Cells
Sources of Transplant Cells
Multipotent Cell Transplants in Animal Models of Stroke
Cell Transplants in Human Stroke
Recent Advances in Stroke Therapeutics
( Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine )
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