Chapter
Chapter III: Anatomy of the Eye
2. The Eye, the Eyeball or the Globe
Anatomy of the Eyeball (McCaa, 1982)
Bowman Layer (Bowman’s Membrane)
Blood Supply of the Cornea
Nerve Supply of the Cornea
Scleral Anatomy (Mrejen and Spaide, 2013)
Epithelial Cells (The Lens Epithelium)
The Zonule. Zonular Fibers.
Choroidal Vascular Layers and Suprachoroid
Choroidal Blood Flow: Nourishment of the Retina
Choroid in High Myopia (Mrejen and Spaid, 2013)
Chorioretinal Atrophy in High Myopia
Biometric Choroidal Changes in Highly Myopic Eyes and Clinical Significance
Imaging the Highly Myopic Disk
Intrachoroidal Cavitation
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Blood Supply of the Retina
Topographic Organization of the Retina
Optic Disc (Opti Nerve Head)
Ethnic Variations in Normal Optic Nerve Head Parameters
Peripapillary Atrophy (Samarawickrama, 2012)
Influence of Aging on the Optic Nerve Head
Intracanalicular Optic Nerve
Chapter IV: Geometrical Optics
2. Properties of Ideal Lenses
3. Infinite Conjugates and Focal Planes
4. Graphically Locating the Image
5. Locating Images by Vergence
6. Virtual Images and Virtual Objects
8. Fermat’s Principle, Refraction, and Reflection
9. The Spherical Refracting Surface
10. The Paraxial Power of a Spherical Surface
11. The Thin Lens Approximation
12. Lens Shape and Fabrication
16. A Focal Systems: Telescopes
17. The Nonstigmatic Image
Chapter V: Physical Optics
6. Intraocular Light Scattering
Normal Corneal Scattering
Scattering in the Normal Lens
Scattering in the Normal Vitreous
Glare Tester Characteristics
Quantification of Glare on Contrast Sensitivity
8. Optical Coherence Tomography
9. Antireflection Coatings
10. Polarization Phenomena
13. Densitometry of Scheimplug Photographs of the Lens
Chapter VI: Biology of the Eye
1. Axial Length as the Determinant of Refraction
2. Refractive Error Distribution
3. Optical Components of Refraction
Normal Distribution and Age/Gender Effects in Childhood
4. Refraction and Its Components during the Growth of the Eye
Rapid Infantile Phase of Ocular Growth
Slow Juvenile Phase of Ocular Growth
Chapter VII: The Optics of Myopia
2. The Correction of Myopia
Convergence and Accommodation
Bifocal Spectacles for Myopia
Progressive Addition Lenses
4. Visual Field Alterations
Chapter VIII: Diagnosing Myopia
1. Measuring Visual Acuity
Instrumentation and Technique
3.3. Autorefraction (Automated Refractors)
Wavefront Analysis and Retinal Raytracing
3.6. Refinement, Subjective Refractometry
Monocular Subjective Refraction
The Jackson Cross-Cylinder test
Subjective Refraction: Fogging (Kaufman, 2006)
Optical Principles of the Method
Current Cycloplegic Agents
Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride (Cyclogyl)
Cross-Cylinder Technique for Subjective Refraction
Chapter IX: Myopia and Associations
1. Myopia and Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers
2. Myopia and Tilted Optic Disks (Witmer et al., 2010)
Definition of Tilted Optic Disk
3. Myopia and Major Age-Related Eye Diseases
4. Myopia and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
5. Myopia and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
6. Myopia and Age-Related Cataract
7. Myopia and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Myopia and OAG (Marcus et al., 2011)
High Myopia and Glaucoma Susceptibility
The Pathogenesis of the Epidemiological Association between Myopia and Glaucoma
8. Myopia and Visual Function
Chapter X: Pathologic Complications Associated with Increasing Myopia
1. Fundus Changes, Myopic Retinopathy
3. Choroidal Neovascularization
Clinical Findings in Myopic CNV (Silva, 2012)
4. Peripheral Retinal Complications
7. Myopic Macular Schisis
8. Myopic Traction Maculopathy (MTM) (Ouyang, 2012)
9. Myopic Macular Retinoschisis
Myopic Macular Retinoschisis and Progression
10. Macular Hole and Associated Retinal Detachment
11. Optic Disc Abnormalities
12. Choroidal Thickness Measurement in High Myopia
13. Choroidal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Highly Myopic Eyes
Epidemiologty of Pathologic and Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (Wong et al., 2014)
Pathologic Myopia as a Cause of Blindness or Low Vision (Wong et al., 2014)
Risk Factors for Pathologic Myopia (Wong et al., 2014):
Pathologic Myopia and Pathogenesis
Myopic Maculopathy, Progression and Visual Acuity Loss
Myopic Maculopathy and OCT
Myopia-Related Fundus Changes
Chapter XI: Myopia and Management
Patient Outcome Criteria (AAO, 2007)
Difficulties and Complications of Eyeglass Wear
Correction of Myopia with Spectacle Lenses: Basic Optics
Full Versus Partial Correction of Myopia
Myopic Progression and Spectacles
Effects of Spectacle Prescription on Accommodation
Effects of Spectacle Prescription on Binocularity
Spectacle Design Considerations
Relative Contraindications
Patient Education and Contact Lens Care
Follow-Up Examination and Contact Lens Replacement
3. Refractive Surgery for Myopia
Intraocular Refractive Surgery
Chapter XII: Myopia and Progression
Prevention of Myopia Progression
Bifocals and Progressive Addition Lenses
2. Topical Cycloplegic Agents
3. Pressure-Lowering Eyedrops
Traditional Chinese Interventional Treatments
Author’s Contact Information
Myopia. Optics, Clinical Presentation and Management
( Eye and Vision Research Developments )
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