Chapter
Chronotherapy and the Effect of Hypertension Medication Terminal Half-Life on Efficacy
Chronotherapy in Hypertensive Patients with CKD
Reduction of CVD Risk by Hypertension Chronotherapy
Chapter 2 ACEIs as Antihypertensives in African Americans: A 21st Century Perspective
1Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, Florida (Williams), US
2Department of Clinical Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, US
3Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine California, US
4Division of Nephrology and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, US
5Division of General Internal Medicine and Division of Nephrology,
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine,
University of California, Los Angeles, California US
Epidemiology of CKD in African Americans
The Renin–Angiotensin System
Treatment Trials of Hypertensive
Special Considerations for the Use of ACEI in Treating Hypertension in African Americans
Conclusion: A Comprehensive Approach to Blood
Pressure Care in African American Patients
with Chronic Kidney Disease
Chapter 3 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A Seattle Internist’s Perspective
Capital Medical Center, Olympia, WA, US
Role of ACE Inhibition in Hypertension
Control and in Renoprotection
ACE Inhibition and Insulin Sensitivity
ACE Inhibition and Cardioprotection
ACE Inhibition and Renoprotection in
Non-Diabetic Proteinuric Nephropathy
ACEIs as First-Line Antihypertensive
Agents and Other Indications
Do ACEIs Represent the Magic Bullet
in Cardiovascular Pharmacology?
Side Effects of ACE Inhibition
with Particular Reference
Chapter 4 ACEIs in Cardiovascular Medicine: A 21st Century Caribbean Perspective
Heart Institute of the Caribbean, Kingston, Jamaica
Risk Factors and Cardiovascular
Pathology in the Caribbean
ACEIs in Essential Hypertension and
Hypertensive Heart Disease
Current and Potential Role of ACEIs in High Risk Caribbean Population: The Hypertensive - Diabetic Patient
Potential Role of the ACEIs in
Caribbean Patients with Diabetes
Current and Potential Role of
ACEIs in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Current and Potential Role of ACEIs
in Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy
Possible Beneficial Effects of the ACEIs in the Caribbean Rheumatic Heart Disease and HIV-Related Heart Disease
Adverse Effects of ACEI Inhibitors
ACEIs and Pharmacogenomic Data, New Trends and Greatest Challenges in the Caribbean Region
Ethnic Variations and Genetic Polymorphisms
Discussion, Conclusion and
Recommendations: ACEIs in
Conclusion and Recommendations:
ACEIs in the Caribbean Population
Chapter 5 ACEIs as Antihypertensives: A Nigerian CKD Clinic Experience
1. Introduction and Background
1.1. Epidemiology of CKD in Nigeria and Africa
Burden of Hypertension and Other Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) as Risk Factors for CKD
1.2. Evidence for ACEIs in Chronic Kidney Disease
1.3. What the Guidelines Say on Use of ACEIs in Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease
Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment (CARI) Guidelines
For Diabetic Kidney Disease [46]:
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)
UK Renal Association Guidelines
The Nigerian Association of Nephrology (NAN) Guidelines for the Detection and Management of CKD:
World Health Organization (WHO)/ International Society of Hypertension (ISH) 2003 Guidelines:
2. Mechanism of Action of ACEIs
2.1. Brief Overview of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)
2.2. Historical Perspective
2.3. The Renin-Angiotensin Family
2.3.4. Angiotensin Converting Enzymes
2.3.5. Angiotensin II and other Angiotensins
2.3.6. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
2.4. Rationale for the Use of ACEIs to slow Progression of CKD
2.4.2. ACEIs Reduce Proteinuria
3. Clinical Uses of ACEIs with Evidence from Clinical and Outcome Trials
3.1. Clinical Indications
3.1.2. Congestive Cardiac Failure and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
3.1.3. Post Myocardial Infarction
3.1.4. Renoprotection in Renal Disease
3.1.4.1. Slowing the Progression of Kidney Disease in Type I and Type 2 Diabetes with ACEIs
3.1.4.2. ACE Inhibitors Delay Progression of Disease in Non-Diabetic Renal Disease
4. Adverse Effects of ACEIs
4.1.1. Effects Due to ACEIs Interfering with the Activity of RAAS in Maintaining Blood Pressure and Serum Potassium:
Early Decrease in Glomerular Filtration
4.1.2. Effects Due to Interfering with the Activity of Other Enzymes and Receptors
4.1.3. Suggested Mechanisms for ACEI-Induced Cough
4.2. Drug Specific Effects
7. Racial or Ethnic Differences in Adverse Reactions
8. Local Experience with ACEI in the Nephrology Clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH)
8.1. Pattern of ACEI Prescription
8.2. Reasons for Prescribing ACEIs
Chapter 6 ACEIs as Antihypertensives in the Elderly (>65 Year Old): A South American Perspective
Senile Renin-Angiotensin –Aldosterone System
Inflammation and Fibrosis
Adverse Effects of ACEI in the Elderly
Syndrome of Rapid-Onset End-Stage Renal Disease (SORO-ESRD)
Chapter 7 The Impact of Salt Restriction on the Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Therapy
The Taste for Salt in Man: Evolutionary Aspects
Lessons from Animal Studies
Sodium and Blood Pressure: 1st Half of the Twentieth Century
Initial Contributions from Epidemiology
Lessons from Studies in Neonates and Children
Meta-Analyses and Studies on Events
Recommendations about Salt Intake in Adults and Children
Blood Pressure Effects of Sodium Restriction Associated with Antihypertensive Drugs in Hypertensive Persons
Inhibitors of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)
ACE Inhibitors and Diuretics
Blood Pressure Effects of Sodium Restriction Associated with Antihypertensive Drugs in Chronic Kidney Disease
ACE-Inibitor and Diuretics
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists and Diuretics
RAASi and Non-RAASi Anthypertensive Therapy
ACE Inhibition + Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Section 2. ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Special Patient Populations
Chapter 8 Are ARBs the Preferred Agents to Treat Hypertension in Patients with HIV-Nephropathy with Albuminuria?
Renal Dysfunction and Failure in HIV
RAAS Attenuation in HIV: Evidence from Experimental Studies
RAAS Attenuation in HIV: Evidence from Clinical Studies
Chapter 9 The Use of ACEIs and ARBs in ESRD Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
RAAS Blockade and Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH)
ACEI/ARB Therapy and the Inflammatory State
Miscellaneous Potential CV Benefits from Use of ACEI/ ARB in Dialysis Patients
ACEI/ARB Therapy and Preservation of Renal Function; Special Consideration with Peritoneal Dialysis
ACEI/ARB and Cognitive Decline
ACEI/ARB Therapy and Survival, Observational Evidence
Randomized Trials Examining the Impact of ACEI/ARB Therapies on Mortality in Dialysis Patients
Chapter 10 The Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Renal Transplant Recipient
Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Transplant Patients
Management of Post-Transplant Hypertension
Chapter 11 ACE Inhibition and Renal Artery Stenosis: What Lessons Have we Learnt? A 21st Century Perspective
Other Cardiovascular Effects
Preservation of Renal Function
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Safety of RAAS Blockers in ARAS
Renal Revascularisation Allows ACEI Use
Chapter 12 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Renal Disease: A European Perspective
The Experimental Basis of ACEIs Nephroprotection
Kidney and Blood Pressure
Clinical Use of ACEIs in Renal Disease
Is There an Effect beyond Blood Pressure Control?
Meta-Analyses on Renoprotective Effects of ACEIs
Hypertensive Patients without CKD
Combination of ACEIs and ARBs in Renal Disease
ACEIs or ARBs for Renal Disease?
Safe Use in Patients with Renal Failure
Chapter 13 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Heart Failure
Chapter 14 RAAS Blockade in Ethnic Minorities with Chronic Kidney Disease: A United Kingdom Perspective
Ethnicity, Hypertension and CKD in the UK
Ethnicity, Diabetes and CKD in the UK
Ethnicity, CKD and RAS Blockade
Chapter 15 Use of ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin-2 Receptor Blockers in the Management of the Cardio-Renal Syndrome
Classification and Nomenclature
I. Reduced Cardiac Output, Decreased Renal Perfusion and Renal Venous Congestion
Cardiac Output and Renal Blood Flow
II. Neurohormonal Maladaptations and the Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis
Management Strategies for CRS and the Role of RAAS Disruption
ACE-Inhibitors/Angiotensin-2 Receptor Blockade
Non-Pharmocological Therapies
Chapter 16 A Three-Year Clinical Experience with ACE Inhibitors at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, Department of Pediatrics, 2010-2012
Chapter 17 Is There a Role for ACEIs in the ICU?
The Role of Angiotensin II in Hemodynamics
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Cardiovascular Considerations
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Neurologic Considerations
Respiratory Considerations
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Chapter 18 The Impact of ACE Inhibition in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease in Nigerian Adults
What is Sickle Cell Disease
Epidemiology, Presentations and Complications of Sickle Cell Disease
The Renin Angiotensin Cascade
Pathophysiological Basis of the Use of ACEI
Management of Sickle Cell Disease Patients and the Role of ACE Inhibition
Section 3. New and Emerging Indications for ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Chapter 19 Hypertension-Misattributed Kidney Disease in African Americans
1. Hypertension in African Americans
2. Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease in
3. High Rate of Subsequent ESKD in AASK Patients
4. Population Genetics and the Discovery of the APOL1 Locus
5. Hypertension-Misattributed Kidney Disease
6. Role of the “Second Hit”
7. Role of APOL1 in Patients with
8. Hypertension-Attributed CKD in Continental Africa
9. The Role of Intrarenal ACE in Hypertension
Chapter 20 Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma with an ACE Inhibitor: A Paradigm Shift
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
The Renin-Angiotensin System
Hemangioblasts and Hemogenic Endothelium
Hemangioblasts, Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme and Angiotensin II
Infantile Hemangioma and Hemogenic Endothelium
Infantile Hemangioma, Angiotensin Converting
Enzyme and Angiotensin II
Infantile Hemangioma and Angiotensin Converting
Section 4. Epilogue - ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker and Renoprotection Revisited: The Funture of Renoprotection in the 21st Century
Chapter 21 Epilogue - Bold Predictions on the Future of Renoprotection: The Way Forward with Multiple Pathway Blockers – Making a Case For Novel Non-Angiotensin Inhibiting Renoprotective Agents like Corticotropin and Pentoxifylline
ACE Inhibitors: Medical Uses, Mechanisms of Action, Potential Adverse Effects and Related Topics. Volume 2
( Pharmacology - Research, Safety Testing and Regulation )
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.