Born into this World: Health Issues ( Pediatrics, Child and Adolescent Health (Series Editor: Joav Merrick - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Ministry of Social Affairs, Jerusalem) )

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Born into this World: Health Issues

Chapter

Prenatal testing

Monitoring pregnancy, labor and delivery

The newborn assessment

The complete physical examination

Head

Eyes

Ears

Nose

Mouth, tongue and throat

Neck

Thorax

Abdomen

The perineum

The back

Extremities

Neurological exam

Monitoring the normal newborn

Common problems in a term newborn

Growth problems

Temperature instability

Tachypnea

Apnea

Cyanosis

Heart murmurs

Poor feeding, vomiting and constipation

Irritability/jitteriness

Seizures

Pallor or plethora

Jaundice

Confirmatory laboratory and imaging

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3: The late preterm newborn

Introduction

Identification of late preterms

Scope and incidence of late preterms

Neurodevelopmental risks

Physiologic risk factors

Respiratory

Thermoregulatory

Hypoglycemia

Maternal risk factors for hypoglycemia

Neonatal risk factors for hypoglycemia

Infection: Sepsis

Hyperbilirubinemia

Feeding challenges in the late preterm newborn

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4: Newborn screening

Abstract

Introduction

History

Considerations in developing screening tests: Who should be screened?

How are accurate and reliable screening tests designed?

Follow up

Ethics

What are the risks vs. the benefits?

Who are the beneficiaries? Are there adverse consequences to non-beneficiaries?

What is the present understanding of this condition?

Can the condition be remediated?

The Wilson and Jungner screening criteria

Issues for the future

Pro

Con

Newborn screening for special care infants

Screening upon admission

Screen repeat at 72 hours

Rescreen at 28 days or upon NICU discharge

Summary

References

Chapter 5: Resuscitation

Abstract

Introduction

The physiology of birth transition

The perils of birth transition

Signs of compromise in the newborn infant

The flow of neonatal resuscitation procedures

Airway

Breathing

Circulation

Drugs

Training in neonatal resuscitation

References

Chapter 6: Born premature: What does it mean?

Abstract

Introduction

Obstetric considerations

Factors predisposing to prematurity

Neonatal complications

Neuropathological considerations

Hypoxia

Hemorrhage

Neurological sequelae

Motor disorders of cerebral palsy

Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD)

ADHD and autism

Late preterm births

Adult outcomes

Social determinants

Costs of care

Personal reflections

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7: Circumcision

Introduction

Indications for circumcision

Indication for circumcision for religious rite, socio-economic reasons and medical prophylaxis

Economics

Penis cancer prevention

Cervical cancer links

Urinary tract infections

Sexually transmitted diseases

Circumcision procedure, contraindications and complications

Contraindications to circumcision

Complications

Alternatives to circumcision

Health politics

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Environment and birth weight

Introduction

Search and findings

Pathways between the built environment and health outcomes

Maternal stress and birth weight

Social capital as a mediating factor of stress

Traditional and proposed measures of neighborhood quality

Interventions

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9: Cycle of environmental health disparities

Introduction

Social determinants of health

Health disparities

Vulnerability of children

Toxic stress for children

Disparities and intellectual disability

Intellectual disability and economic security

Costs of care related to social determinants of health and health disparities

Cycle of environmental health disparities

Break the cycle projects

Program details

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Section Two: Acknowledgements

Chapter 10: About the editors

Chapter 11: About the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMED), Kalamazoo, Michigan USA

Mission and service

Research activities

Contact

Chapter 12: About the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel

Mission

Service and academic activities

Research activities

National collaborations

International collaborations

Targets

Contact

Chapter 13: About the book series “Pediatrics, child and adolescent health”

Contact

Section Three: Index

Index

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