Pretreatment of Biomass ：Processes and Technologies

Publication subTitle ：Processes and Technologies

Author： Pandey   Ashok;Negi   Sangeeta;Binod   Parmeswaran  

Publisher： Elsevier Science‎

Publication year： 2014

E-ISBN: 9780128003961

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128000809

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780128000809

Subject： O6 Chemistry;TK Energy and Power Engineering

Language： ENG

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Description

Pretreatment of Biomass provides general information, basic data, and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources—biomass for their pretreatment—which is one of the most essential and critical aspects of biomass-based processes development. The quest to make the environment greener, less polluted, and less hazardous has led to the concept of biorefineries for developing bio-based processes and products using biomass as a feedstock. Each kind of biomass requires some kind of pretreatment to make it suitable for bioprocess. This book provides state-of-art information on the methods currently available for this.

This book provides data-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatment of lignocellulosic and algal biomass for further processing. Pretreatment of biomass is considered one of the most expensive steps in the overall processing in a biomass-to-biofuel program. With the strong advancement in developing lignocellulose biomass- and algal biomass-based biorefineries, global focus has been on developing pretreatment methods and technologies that are technically and economically feasible. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in methods used for the pretreatment of biomass. An entire section is devoted to the methods and technologies of algal biomass due to the increasing global attention of its use.

  • Provides information on the most advanced and innovative pretreatam

Chapter

Front Cover

Pretreatment of Biomass

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

SECTION A LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

Chapter 1 - Introduction

1.1 OVERVIEW

1.2 THE ROLE OF PRETREATMENT

1.3 METHODS OF PRETREATMENT

1.4 SUMMARY

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 2 - Analysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Infrared Methodology

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF IRS AND ITS APPLICATION

2.3 COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

2.4 BIOMASS ANALYSIS VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM NIRS

2.5 BIOMASS ANALYSIS VIA FOURIER TRANSFORM MID-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

2.6 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 3 - Acidic Pretreatment

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 ACID-CATALYZED REACTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSE

3.3 INHIBITORS AND DETOXIFICATION

3.4 PROCESS CONFIGURATIONS FOR ACIDIC PRETREATMENT

References

Chapter 4 - Alkaline Treatment

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 TYPES OF ALKALI

4.3 CONDITIONS OF ALKALI PRETREATMENT

4.4 MECHANISM OF ALKALI PRETREATMENT

4.5 PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ALKALI PRETREATED BIOMASS

4.6 PROSPECTS AND CONSEQUENCES

4.7 COMMERCIALIZATION ASPECTS

4.8 CONCLUSION

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 5 - Hydrothermal Treatment

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

5.3 HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

5.4 THE PROPERTIES OF HYDROLYSATE AND PRETREATED BIOMASS OBTAINED FROM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT

5.5 UTILIZATION OF HYDROLYSATE AND PRETREATED BIOMASS OBTAINED FROM HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT

References

Chapter 6 - Steam Explosion

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 MECHANISM

6.3 KEY PARAMETERS

6.4 OPERATION MODE

6.5 CHEMICAL ADDITION

6.6 PHYSICOCHEMICAL VARIATION OF BIOMASS

6.7 PERSPECTIVE

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7 - Ozonolysis

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 APPLICATIONS OF OZONOLYSIS

7.3 OZONOLYSIS CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND STRUCTURAL CHANGES

7.4 EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS

7.5 CHALLENGES, POSSIBILITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

References

Chapter 8 - Ionic Liquid Pretreatment

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 IONIC LIQUIDS

8.3 POTENCY AS SOLVENT FOR LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

8.4 RECENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICES IN IL PRETREATMENT

8.5 IL PRETREATMENT IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER CONVENTIONAL METHODS

8.6 SYNTHESIS

8.7 TECHNOECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING COMMERCIALIZATION OF IL PRETREATMENT

8.8 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 9 - Microwave Pretreatment

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 MW APPLICATION

9.3 MW PRETREATMENT REACTORS

9.4 SUMMARY AND PROSPECTS

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 10 - Torrefaction

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 TORREFACTION CLASSIFICATION

10.3 NONOXIDATIVE TORREFACTION

10.4 PROPERTY VARIATION OF BIOMASS

10.5 OXIDATIVE TORREFACTION

10.6 WET TORREFACTION AND STEAM EXPLOSION

10.7 APPLICATIONS

References

SECTION B ALGAL BIOMASS

Chapter 11 - Algal Biomass: Physical Pretreatments

11.1 MICROALGAL BIOMASS

11.2 APPLICATIONS

11.3 POTENTIAL BIOFUEL PRODUCTS

11.4 PRETREATMENTS OF MICROALGAE

11.5 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

11.6 CONCLUSION AND FINAL REMARKS

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 12 - Chemical Pretreatment of Algal Biomass

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 CHOICE OF PRETREATMENT OF ALGAL BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOFUELS

12.3 PRETREATMENTS OF ALGAL BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL, BIOGAS, AND BIOHYDROGEN

12.4 PRETREATMENTS FOR LIPID EXTRACTION AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

12.5 RECENT APPROACHES OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION FROM ALGAL BIOMASS

12.6 FUTURE PROSPECTS OF ALGAL PRETREATMENT

Acknowledgments

References

Index

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