Chapter
CHAPTER ONE. Introduction
1.1 Transportation System
1.3 Fluid Classification, Commercial
CHAPTER TWO. Composition and Quality
2.2 Quality Parameters and Tolerances
2.3 Potential Impacts of Gas Quality
CHAPTER THREE. Physical Properties and Process Conditions
3.2 Fluid Classification: Technical
3.5 Process (or Operating) Conditions
3.6 Typical Natural Gas Physical Properties
CHAPTER FOUR. Measurement Concepts
4.3 Flowmeters (or Primary Devices)
4.4 Flowmeter Calibration Concepts
4.6 Single-Phase Fluid Flow in Pipes
4.7 Multiphase Fluid Flow in Pipes
4.11 Total Cost of Measurement
CHAPTER FIVE. Orifice Flowmeter
CHAPTER SIX. Ultrasonic Flowmeter
6.3 Central Facility Calibration
CHAPTER SEVEN. Turbine Flowmeter
7.3 Central Facility Calibration
CHAPTER EIGHT. Rotary Displacement Flowmeter
8.3 Central Facility Calibration
CHAPTER NINE. Calculations
9.4 GPA 2172 versus A.G.A.8
9.5 Mass Flow Rate in Pipes
9.6 Mass Flow Rate for Orifice Flowmeter
9.7 Mass Flow Rate for Ultrasonic Flowmeter
9.8 Mass Flow Rate for Turbine Flowmeter
9.9 Mass Flow Rate for Rotary Displacement Flowmeter
9.10 Volumetric Flow Rate at Base Conditions
9.11 Energy Flow Rate at Base Condtions
CHAPTER TEN. Secondary and Tertiary Devices
10.2 Differential Pressure (dP)
10.5 Multivariable Transmitter
10.8 Online Gas Chromatograph
10.11 Gas Sampling Systems
CHAPTER ELEVEN. Electronic Gas Measurement
11.1 Description of an Electronic Gas Measurement System
11.4 Sampling Flow Variables
11.6 Averaging Techniques
11.7 Compressibility, Density, and Heating Values
11.8 Hourly and Daily Quantity Calculations
11.10 Audit and Reporting Requirements
11.11 Equipment Verification, Calibration, and Certification
CHAPTER TWELVE. Uncertainty
12.2 Measurement Uncertainty
12.3 Examples of Flowmeter Uncertainties
12.4 Statistical Weighting
CHAPTER THIRTEEN. Measurement System Design
13.1 Targeted Uncertainty
13.2 Fluid Physical Properties
13.3 Operating Design Data
13.4 Other Process Conditions
13.5 General Equipment Redundancy
13.9 Pressure Regulation and Control
13.10 Flare and Vent Facilities
13.11 Overpressure Protection
13.12 Thermal Relief Valves
13.20 Tertiary Device (Flow Computer)
13.22 Wiring and Grounding
13.23 Measurement Control Panel
13.26 Supervisory Control and Leak Detection
13.28 Factory Acceptance Testing
13.29 Dewatering, Cleaning, and Drying
CHAPTER FOURTEEN. Orifice Flowmeter Design
14.2 Velocity and Piping Insulation
14.5 Flowmeter, Mechanical
14.6 Piping Spools, Mechanical
14.7 Secondary and Tertiary Devices
CHAPTER FIFTEEN. Ultrasonic Flowmeter Design
15.2 Velocity and Piping Insulation
15.5 Flowmeter, Mechanical
15.6 Piping Spools, Mechanical
15.7 Flowmeter: SPU, Electrical, and Software
15.8 Secondary and Tertiary Devices
CHAPTER SIXTEEN. Turbine Flowmeter Design
16.2 Velocity and Piping Insulation
16.3 Strainer and Lubrication
16.5 Flowmeter, Mechanical
16.6 Piping Spools, Mechanical
16.7 Flowmeter: SPU, Electrical, and Software
16.8 Secondary and Tertiary Devices
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. Rotary Displacement Flowmeter Design
17.2 Velocity and Piping Insulation
17.3 Filtration and Lubrication
17.5 Flowmeter, Mechanical
17.6 Piping Spools, Mechanical
17.7 Flowmeter: SPU, Electrical, and Software
17.8 Secondary and Tertiary Devices
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN. Inspection, Testing, Verification, Calibration, and Certification
18.7 Equipment Information
APPENDIX: Standards, Publications, and Regulations
A.1 Mechanical Standards and Publications
A.2 Electrical Standards and Publications
A.3 Measurement Standards and Publications
A.4 U.S. Government Regulations
Natural Gas Measurement Handbook
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