Ecology in Agriculture ( Physiological Ecology )

Publication series ：Physiological Ecology

Author： Jackson Louise E.;Jackson Louise E.

Publisher： Elsevier Science‎

Publication year： 1997

E-ISBN: 9780080530680

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780123782601

P-ISBN(Hardback): 9780123782601

Subject： S181 agricultural ecology

Language： ENG

Access to resources Favorite

Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.

Description

Agricultural crops are prominent features of an increasing number of variously perturbed ecosystems and the landscapes occupied by these ecosystems. Yet the ecology of agricultural-dominated landscapes is only now receiving the scientific attention it has long deserved. This attention has been stimulated by the realization that all agriculture must become sustainable year after year while leaving nearby ecosystems unaffected.

Ecology in Agriculture focuses exclusively on the ecology of agricultural ecosystems. The book is divided into four major sections. An introduction establishes the unique ties between agricultural and ecological sciences. The second section describes the community ecology of these sorts of ecosystems, while the final section focuses on the processes that operate throughout these agricultural landscapes.

Contains an ecological perspective on agricultural production and resource utilization
Includes in-depth reviews of major issues in crop ecology by active researchers
Covers a range of topics in agricultural ecophysiology, community ecology, and ecosystems ecology
Provides examples of ecological approaches to solving problems in crop management and environmental quality

Chapter

Front Cover

Ecology in Agriculture

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Part I: Plant Responses to the Environment

Chapter 1. The Ecophysiology of Crops and Their Wild Relatives

I. Introduction

II. Domestication

III. Environmental Considerations and Agricultural Selection Strategies

IV. Comparison of Crops and Their Wild Relatives

V. Potential Contribution of Wild Germplasm to Crop Ecophysiology

VI. Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2. Photosynthesis, Growth Rate, and Biomass Allocation

I. Introduction

II. Basic Concepts

III. Some Detailed Adaptive Responses of Photosynthesis

IV. Use of Photosynthate and Adaptive Patterns Therein

V. Synthesis and Conclusions

VI. Appendix: Correspondence of Variables with Those of Condon and Hall

References

Chapter 3. Adaptation to Diverse Environments: Variation in Water-Use Efficiency within Crop Species

I. Introduction

II. Mechanisms of Genotypic Variation in Water-Use Efficiency

III. Theoretical Associations between Leaf Gas-Exchange Efficiency and Adaptation

IV. Empirical Observations

V. Critical Research Needs and Conclusions

References

Chapter 4. Productivity in Water-Limited Environments: Dryland Agricultural Systems

I. Introduction

II. Characterization of Water-Limited Environments

III. Water Use and Water-Use Efficiency

IV. Carbon Partitioning to Harvestable Yield

V. Integration of Responses in Dryland Agricultural Systems

VI. Conclusions

References

Chapter 5. Nitrogen as a Limiting Factor: Crop Acquisition of Ammonium and Nitrate

I. Importance of Nitrogen Acquisition

II. Physiology of Root Ammonium Acquisition

III. Physiology of Root Nitrate Acquisition

IV. Plant Growth as a Function of Ammonium or Nitrate

References

Chapter 6. Trade-offs in Root Form and Function

I. Introduction

II. Citrus as a Model System

III. Optimizing Carbon Expenditure on Roots

IV. Parallels between Roots and Leaves

V. Specific Root Length, Root Diameter, and Tissue Density

VI. Exploiting Soil Heterogeneity

VII. Root Architecture

VIII. Root Hydraulic Conductivity

IX. Root Herbivory and Root Defense

X. Mycorrhizae

XI. Root Life Span

XII. Summary and Conclusions

References

Part II: Biotic Interactions and Processes

Chapter 7. The Use of Biodiversity to Restrict Plant Diseases and Some Consequences for Farmers and Society

I. Introduction

II. The Pathologist's View

III. The Breeder

IV. The Farmer

V. The Agronomist/Adviser

VI. The Consumer

VII. Politicians and Economists

VIII. Society at Large and Future Perspectives

References

Chapter 8. Plant–Arthropod Interactions in Agroecosystems

I. Introduction: Crops as Resources

II. Ecological Consequences of Economically Driven Decisions: The Grower's Perspective

III. Exploitation Strategies: The Herbivore's Perspective

IV. Ecological and Evolutionary Antiherbivore Strategies: The Plant's Perspective

V. Crop Protection: An Ecological Perspective

References

Chapter 9. Many Little Hammers: Ecological Approaches for Management of Crop–Weed Interactions

I. Introduction

II. Information and Approaches

III. Basic Principles Guiding Weed Management Strategies

IV. Managing Crop–Weed Interactions

V. Many Little Hammers

VI. Summary and Conclusions

References

Part III: Ecosystem Processes

Chapter 10. Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Row-Crop Agriculture: Crop Nitrogen Use and Soil Nitrogen Loss

I. Introduction

II. Crop Nitrogen Demand

III. Matching Nitrogen Availability to Demand

IV. Major Pathways of Nitrogen Loss from Cropping Systems

V. Management to Maximize Nitrogen Use in Row-Crop Ecosystems

References

Chapter 11. Soil Microbial Communities and Carbon Flow in Agroecosystems

I. Introduction

II. Carbon Flow at the Cellular Level

III. Carbon Flow: Populations and Communities

IV. Carbon Flow at the Soil Level

V. Quantitative Descriptions of Carbon Flow in Soil

VI. Comparison of Agricultural to Other Ecosystems

VII. Impacts of Soil Carbon–Microbial Interactions on Agroecosystems

VIII. Conclusion

References

Chapter 12. Effects of Global Change on Agricultural Land Use: Scaling Up from Physiological Processes to Ecosystem Dynamics

I. Introduction

II. Global Modeling of Ecosystem and Crop Patterns

III. Feedbacks in the Earth's System

IV. Integrated Modeling of Global Environmental Change

V. Concluding Remarks

VI. Summary

VII. Appendix: Direct Effects of Increased CO2 Concentrations on Plant Growth

References

Index

Physiological Ecology

The users who browse this book also browse