Front Cover

Advances in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Chapter One: Detection of Metastable Atoms and Molecules using Rare Gas Matrices

1. Introduction

2. Basic Concepts

2.1 Relevant Background

2.2 Principle of Operation of the Detector

3. Experimental Details

3.1 TOF Spectroscopy

3.2 Apparatus Details

3.3 Apparatus Performance

3.3.1 Spectral Output

3.3.2 Temperature Variation

3.3.3 Excimer Lifetimes

4. Calibrations

4.1 Calibration of O(1S) Production

4.2 Calibration of O(1D) Production

4.2 Calibration of the Electron Energy Scale

5. O(1S) Measurements

5.1 O2

5.2 N2O

5.3 CO2

5.4 CO

5.5 NO

5.6 H2O, D2O

5.7 SO2

6. O(1D) Measurements

7. Sulfur Measurements

8. CO Measurements

9. Future Possibilities

References

Chapter Two: Interactions in Ultracold Rydberg Gases

1. Introduction

2. Pair Interactions

2.1 Rydberg Pair Interaction and Important Issues

2.2 Calculation of Rydberg Pair Interactions

2.3 Angular Dependence

2.4 Experiments

3. Rydberg Atom Molecules

3.1 Trilobite Molecules

3.1.1 The Fermi Pseudo-Potential Picture of Trilobite Molecules

3.1.2 The Multichannel Quantum Defect Approach to Trilobite Molecules

3.1.3 External Fields

3.1.4 Features of the Trilobite Interaction Potentials

3.1.5 Molecular Frame Permanent Dipole Moments

3.1.6 Experimental Measurement of Trilobite Molecules

3.2 Macrodimers

3.2.1 Theory of Macrodimers

3.2.2 Experimental Detection of Macrodimers

4. Many-Body and Multiparticle Effects

4.1 Förster Resonance

4.2 Dipole Blockade

5. Conclusion and Perspectives

Chapter Three: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the Early Universe: From Recombination to Reionization

1. Introduction

1.1 The Expanding Universe

1.2 The Thermal History of the Universe

1.3 The Need for Dark Matter

1.4 The Role of AMO Physics

1.5 Distance Measurements

1.6 Acronyms and Variables

2. Cosmological Recombination

2.1 What Is Cosmological Recombination All About?

2.1.1 Initial Conditions and Main Aspect of the Recombination Problem

2.1.2 The Three Stages of Recombination

2.1.3 What Is So Special About Cosmological Recombination?

2.2 Why Should We Bother?

2.2.1 Importance of Recombination for the CMB Anisotropies

2.2.2 Spectral Distortions from the Recombination Era

2.3 Why Do We Need Advanced Atomic Physics?

2.4 Simple Model for Hydrogen Recombination

2.5 Multilevel Recombination Model and Recfast

2.6 Detailed Recombination Physics During Hi Recombination

2.6.1 Two-Photon Transitions from Higher Levels

2.6.2 The Effect of Raman Scattering

2.6.3 Additional Small Corrections and Collision

2.7 Detailed Recombination Physics During Hei Recombination

2.8 HyRec and CosmoRec

3. Pregalactic Gas Chemistry

3.1 Fundamentals

3.2 Key Reactions

3.2.1 Molecular Hydrogen (H2)

3.2.2 Deuterated Molecular Hydrogen (HD)

3.2.3 Lithium Hydride

3.3 Complications

3.3.1 Spectral Distortion of the CMB

3.3.2 Stimulated Radiative Association

3.3.3 Influence of Rotational and Vibrational Excitation

4. Population III Star Formation

4.1 The Assembly of the First Protogalaxies

4.2 Gravitational Collapse and Star Formation

4.2.1 The Initial Collapse Phase

4.2.2 Three-Body H2 Formation

4.2.3 Transition to the Optically Thick Regime

4.2.4 Cooling at Very High Densities

4.2.5 Influence of Other Coolants

4.3 Evolution After the Formation of the First Protostar

5. The 21-cm Line of Atomic Hydrogen

5.1 Physics of the 21-cm Line

5.1.1 Basic 21-cm Physics

5.1.2 Collisional Coupling

5.1.3 Wouthuysen–Field Effect (Photon Coupling)

5.2 Global 21-cm Signature

5.2.1 Cosmic Dark Ages and Exotic Heating (zbold0mu mumu dotted40)

5.2.2 Lyman-α Coupling (zα zz)

5.2.3 Gas Heating (zh zzα)

5.2.4 Growth of H II Regions (zr  z  zh)

5.2.5 Astrophysical Sources and Histories

5.3 21-cm Tomography

5.3.1 Fluctuations in the Spin Temperature

5.3.2 Gas Temperature

5.3.3 Ionization Fluctuations

5.3.4 Density and Minihalos

5.3.5 Redshift Space Distortions

6. The Reionization of Intergalactic Hydrogen

6.1 Sources of Reionization: Stars

6.2 Sources of Reionization: Quasars

6.2.1 Secondary Ionizations

6.3 The Growth of Ionized Bubbles

6.3.1 Photoionization Rates and Recombinations

6.3.2 Line Cooling

6.4 Reionization as a Global Process

7. Summary

Appendix A. Acronyms

Appendix B. Symbols

Chapter Four: Atomic Data Needs for Understanding X-ray Astrophysical Plasmas

1. Introduction

2. Charge State Distribution

2.1 Ionization Processes

2.1.1 Collisional Ionization

2.1.2 Photoionization

2.1.3 Auger Ionization

2.2 Recombination

2.2.1 Dielectronic Recombination

2.2.2 Radiative Recombination

2.3 Charge Exchange

2.4 Future Needs

3. Spectral Features

3.1 Energy Levels and Wavelengths

3.2 Collisional Excitation Rates

3.2.1 H-Like Ions

3.2.2 He-Like Ions

3.2.3 Neon-Like Ions

3.2.4 Other Ions

3.3 Radiative Transition Rates (Bound–Bound)

3.4 Photoionization/Absorption (Bound-Free) Rates

3.5 Fluorescent Innershell Transitions

3.6 Charge Exchange Rates

3.6.1 Atoms and Ions

3.6.2 Molecules and Grains

4. Conclusions

Chapter Five: Energy Levels of Light Atoms in Strong Magnetic Fields

1. Introduction

2. Historical Background

3. The Lightest ``Light'' Atom—Hydrogen

4. Light Atoms: Two and Few-Electron Systems

5. Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects

Chapter Six: Quantum Electrodynamics of Two-Level Atoms in 1D Configurations

1. Introduction

2. The 1D Kernel and Its Spectral Decomposition

2.1 Form of the Lienard-Wiechert Kernel in 1D (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c)

2. 2 Initial Time CDR and CLS of a Slab (Friedberg et al., 1973)

2.3 Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues of a Slab (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c,d,e)

2.3.1 Functional Form of the Eigenfunctions

2.3.2 Pseudo-Orthogonality Relations

2.3.2.1 Odd Eigenfunctions

2.3.2.1 Even Eigenfunctions

2.3.3 Parseval´s Identity

2.4 Differential Form of the Field Equation (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008c)

2.5 Inverted System in the Superradiant Linear Regime (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008e)

2.6 Comments on the Numerical Results of Superradiance from a Slab

3. Propagation of an Ultrashort Pulse in a Slab and the Ensuing Emitted Radiation Spectrum

3.1 Time Development and Spectrum of the Radiation Emitted

3.1.1 Spectral Analysis (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008d, 2009b)

3.1.2 Computation of the Electric Field at the End Planes

3.2 The SVEA Closed-Form Expressions (Manassah, 2012a)

3.3 The Modified SVEA Closed-Form Expressions (Manassah, 2012b)

3.4 Self-Energy of an Initially Detuned Phased State (Friedberg and Manassah, 2010a)

3.5 Spectral Distribution of an Initially Detuned Spatial Distribution

4. Near-Threshold Behavior for the Pumped Stationary State

4.1 Coupled Maxwell-Bloch Equations

4.2 Single-Frequency Lasing

4.2.1 Single-Frequency Bare Mode

4.2.2 Single-Frequency Dressed Mode

4.3 Two-Frequency Bare Modes

4.4 General Comments

5. Polariton-Plasmon Coupling, Transmission Peaks, and Purcell-Dicke Ultraradiance

5.1 The Total Transfer Matrix

5.2 The Mittag-Leffler Expansion

5.3 Interacting Polariton-Plasmon Modes

6. Periodic Structures

6.1 Density-Modulated Slab (Manassah, 2012e)

6.1.1 The Self-Energy at Initial Time

6.1.2 Simple Mathematical Analysis for the Giant Shifts

6.2 Periodic Multislabs Eigenvalues (Friedberg and Manassah, 2008f)

6.2.1 Eigenvalue Condition

6.2.2 Precocious Superradiance

6.2.3 Eigenvalues at the Bragg Condition as a Function of the Number of Cells

7. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Appendix. Transfer Matrix Formalism

Some Useful Relations of the Pauli Matrices

Example of an Application of Above Formalism

References

Index

Contents of volumes in this serial