Minireviews of the Neurosciences from Life Sciences

Author: Brodie   Bernard B.;Bressler   R.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2013

E-ISBN: 9781483154787

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780080197241

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780080197241

Subject: Q189 Neurobiology

Language: ENG

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Description

Minireviews of the Neurosciences from Life Sciences is a collection of minireviews of research in the neurosciences and originally published by the Journal of Life Sciences. These minireviews cover a wide range of topics such as the function and organization of the chromaffin vesicle; taste receptor proteins; the role of cyclic nucleotides in visual excitation; and regulation of tryptophan and tyrosine hydroxylase.

Comprised of 34 chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on Na,K-ATPase, followed by an analysis of the function and organization of the chromaffin vesicles of the adrenal medulla. Subsequent chapters focus on the nerve growth factor and the acetylcholine receptor; sympathetic regulation of thyroid hormone secretion; the role of cyclic AMP in the action of antidiuretic hormone on the kidney; and neurochemical correlates of synaptically active amino acids. The role of calcium in the central effects of biogenic amines is also examined, along with the brain mechanisms underlying motor control, molecular coding of memory, and opiate receptors.

This book should be of value to teachers, researchers, and students.

Chapter

Role of ATP and Chromogranins in the Storage of Catecholamines

Role of Membrane Proteins in the Uptake of Catecholamines - Evidence for Amine Transport Utilizing Membrane ATPase and an amine carrier

Biosynthesis of Catecholamines

Secretion

Concluding Remarks

References

CHAPTER 3. NERVE GROWTH FACTOR

Structure of NGF

The Origin of NGF

Mechanism of NGF Action

References

CHAPTER 4. TASTE RECEPTOR PROTEINS

Sweet Receptors

Proteins Characteristic of Taste Buds

Bitter Receptors

Other Taste Receptors

References

CHAPTER 5. THE ROLE OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES IN VISUAL EXCITATION

Summary

References

CHAPTER 6. THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR: PROGRESS REPORT

Cells

Membrane Fragments

Solution

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 7. REGULATION OF TRYPTOPHAN AND TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE

PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF TYROSINE AND TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE

REGULATION OF ENZYME LEVELS

IN VIVO REGULATION OF HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8. SERUM DOPAMINE 3-HYDR0XYLASE AS AN INDEX OF SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION

Properties of DBH

Release of DBH

Sources and Turnover of Serum DBH in Animals

Assays of Human Serum DBH

Human Serum DBH Activity in Normal and Disease States

Serum DBH Changes in Disease States

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 9. POSSIBILITIES FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE CYCLIC AMP SYSTEM

I. AGENTS ALTERING THE INTRACELLULAR LEVELS OF THE CYCLICNUCLEOTIDES:

II. AGENTS ALTERING THE INTRACELLULAR ACTIVITY OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES:

References

CHAPTER 10. REGULATION OF PHOSPHORYIASE b TO a CONVERSION IN MUSCLE

Phosphorylase b Kinase

Protein-Glycogen Complex

Catecholamine-Stimulated Phosphorylase b to a Conversion

Phosphorylase b to a Conversion in Cardiac Muscle

Conversion of Phosphorylase b to a in Smooth Muscle

The Role of Ca2+ in the Regulation of Phosphorylase b to a Conversion in Muscle

The Regulation of Phosphorylase a Production in Muscle by Factors Other than Ca 2+

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11. SYMPATHETIC REGULATION OF THYROID HORMONE SECRETION

Acknowledgment

References

CHAPTER 12. ROLE OF CYCLIC AMP IN THE ACTION OF ANTIDIURETIC

Acknowledgment

References

CHAPTER 13. TRANS-SYNAPTIC ENZYME INDUCTION

Trans-synaptic Induction of Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Specificity of Trans-synaptic Induction

Relationship between Duration of Increased Neuronal Activity and Time Requirement for the Single Steps of Enzyme Induction

First and Second Messenger of Trans-synaptic Induction

Trans-synaptic Enzyme Induction as a Long-term Adaptation to Increased Transmitter Utilization

Importance of Trans-synaptic Regulation for Growth and Development of the Peripheral Sympathetic Nervous System

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 14. DO CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES PROMOTE THE TRANS-SYNAPTIC INDUCTION OF TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE?

INTRODUCTION

NICOTINIC RECEPTORS AND CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES OF ADRENAL MEDULLA

TRANS-SYNAPTIC INDUCTION OF TH IN ADRENAL MEDULLA: INVOLVEMENT OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES

ADRENAL DEMEDULLAT1ON: A MODEL TO STUDY TRANS-SYNAPTIC CONTROL OF TH ACTIVITY IN SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA

INDUCTION OF TH ACTIVITY IN SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA OF ADRENAL DEMEDULLATED RATS: INVOLVEMENT OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 15. SUBSTANCE P

Summary

Discovery and Partial Purification of Substance P

The Isolation of a Sialogogic Peptide; its Characterization as Substance P

Radioimmunoassay For Substance P

Physiological Roles of Substance P

References

CHAPTER 16. TO SPRITZ OR NOT TO SPRITZ: THE DOUBTFUL VALUE OF AIMLESS IONTOPHORESIS

BIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

PHARMACOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS

ACTIONS OP CATECHOLAMINES IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Conclusions

References

CHAPTER 17. THE USE OF AUTORADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF TRANSMITTER-SPECIFIC NEURONES IN THE BRAIN

Introduction

MONOAMINES

AMINO ACIDS

CONCLUSIONS

References

CHAPTER 18. NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE: A TOOL IN IDENTIFYING NEUROTRANSMITTERS-SPECIFIC PATHWAYS

Brief Review of the Literature

Methods and Their Uses

References

CHAPTER 19. REGULATION OF SEROTONIN SYNTHESIS

Summary

Introduction

Role of Tryptophan in the Regulation of 5-HT Synthesis

Rate of Tryptophan Hydroxylation :a A second regulatory Factor of 5-HT Synthesis

Discussion

References

CHAPTER 20. SOME FACTORS IN THE REGULATION OF CENTRAL SEROTONERGIC SYNAPSES

Summary

Introduction

The Biochemical Anatomy of the Serotonergic System in the Brain

Factors Influencing the Supply of SubstrateTo the Presynaptic Biosynthetic Apparatus

Regulation of the Activity or Amount of Tryptophan Hydroxylase in Brain

A Degradative Process for 5-HT That May be Related to Synaptic Function

References

CHAPTER 21. NEUROCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF SYNAPTICALLY ACTIVE AMINO ACIDS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 22. THE ROLE OF CALCIUM IN THE CENTRAL EFFECTS OF BIOGENIC AMINES

Biogenic Amines in the•Cerebral Cortex

The Action of Calcium on Cortical Neurones

Metallic Cations and Cerebral Neurones

Studies with Calcium Antagonists

References

CHAPTER 23. ANOTHER LOOK AT THE MONOAMINE OXIDASES AND THE MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR DRUGS

SEPARATION OF MULTIPLE FORMS OF MAO BY ELECTROPHORESIS

THE USE OF SELECTIVE SUBSTRATES AND DRUGS TO DEMONSTRATE MULTIPLE FORMS OF MAO

SOME PROPERTIES OF THE MAO'S

LOCALIZATION OF THE MAO'S

HUMAN PLATELET MAO

THE CONSEQUENCES OF ADMINISTERING SPECIFIC MAO INHIBITOR DRUGS ON AMINE METABOLISM IN BRAIN

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 24. THE ROLE OF CATECHOLAMINES AND ACETYLCHOLINE IN THE REGULATION OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION

Adrenal Medulla

Kidney: Juxtaglomerular Cells

Kidney: Erythrogenin-Secreting Cells

Pancreatic Islets: g Cells

Pancreatic Islets: a Cells

Pinea

Parathyroid Gland

Calcitonin-Secretins and Gastrointestinal Endocrine Cells.

Control of Thyroid. Adrenocorticoid and Gonadal Secretion

Hypothalamic Control of Anterior Pituitary Secretion

Prolactin

Intermediate Lobe of the Pituitary

Posterior Pituitary Secretion

Conclusion

References

CHAPTER 25. THE NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY OF HUMAN SLEEP

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH

Growth Hormone (GH)

Gonadotropins and Testosterone

Prolactin (PRL)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Discussion

References

Chapter 26. Role of Brain Monoamines in Male Sexual Behavior

Effect of PCPA on the sexual behavior of the male rat

Effect of PCPA on the sexual behavior of other animal species.

Role of testosterone and other hormones in the PCPA effect,.

Effect of reserpine and tetrabenazine.

Brain catecholamines and sexual behavior.

Conclusion

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 27. AREA POSTREMA: CHEMORECEPTOR TRIGGER ZONE FOR VOMITING - IS THAT ALL?

Topology of the area postrema.

Ultrastructural features and barrier properties.

Nerve cells, fibers and humors

Vomiting and other functions of AP

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 28. NORADRENERGIC MEDIATION OF TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD AUTODESTRUCTION1'2

The Norepinephrine Hypothesis About Hemorrhagic Necrosis of Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Catecholamine Spinal Vascular Ennervation

Chemical NE Studies

Supporting Experimental Evidence For The NE Spinal Injury Hypothesis

Summary

References

CHAPTER 29. THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF L-DOPA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE

I. L-dopa as a Dopamine replenishing drug

II. L-Dopa Therapy and Displacement of Brain Serotonin

III. 3-0-Methyl-Dopa - Depot Source for Dopamine

IV. The Role of Norepinephrine

V. Condensation Products of Dopamine And the Antiparkinson Action of L-Dopa

VI. Some Clinico-Pharmacological Problems Related to L-Dopa Therapy

References

CHAPTER 30. SOME SPECULATIONS CONCERNING A POSSIBLE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF MINIMAL BRAIN DYSFUNCTION

The extent of the minimal brain dysfunction syndrome

A Possible Biochemical Basis for M B D

CHAPTER 31. BRAIN MECHANISMS IN MOTOR CONTROL

1, The Cerebral Motor Cortex

2. The Cerebellum and the Basal Ganglia

3 . Aspects of Movement

4. Outlook for Future Research

References

CHAPTER 32. MOLECULAR CODING OF MEMORY

Chemical Correlates of Learning and Memory

Biological Assay

Validity of the Bioassay Approach

Chemical Properties of the Active Substances

Specificity of the Behavioral Bioassays

Is a molecular code necessary?

References

CHAPTER 33. THE BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF LEARNING AND MEMORY

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

CHAPTER 34. OPIATE RECEPTORS

Structure-Activity Relationships

Attempts to Localize Receptors in Tissues

Progress in Receptor Purification

Other Binding Studies with Membrane Fragments

References

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