Chapter
Chapter 3. The molecular environment
The biological ubiquity of water
Hydrogen ions and the idea of acidity
Buffering effects and buffer solutions
Section 2: Molecular architecture – The building materials
Chapter 4. The amino acids
Characteristics of the individual acids
Some properties and reactions of amino acids
Ionization of amino acids
The separation of amino acids
Chapter 5. Peptides and proteins
The structural organization of globular proteins
The oxygen-binding proteins
Haemoglobin variants and protein evolution
Classification of enzymes
Factors that influence enzyme activity in vitro
Factors that affect enzyme activity in vivo
Chapter 9. Nucleotides and nucleic acids
Nucleosides and nucleotides
Section 3: Nutrition – sources of energy and materials
Chapter 10. General principles of nutrition
Nutrition and dental disease
Chapter 11. Mineral nutrition and metabolism
The nutritionally important minerals
Vitamin E–the tocopherols
The water-soluble vitamins
Chapter 13. The composition and choice of foods
Section 4: Molecular organization and interactions
Chapter 14. General principles of metabolism
Extraction of energy from the environment
Metabolic pools and the turnover of body constituents
Catabolism and energy production
The separation of anabolic and catabolic pathways
Amphibolic pathways and the central area of metabolism
The integration of cellular activities
Chapter 15. Cellular organization
The flow of energy: mitochondria
The use of microorganisms in biochemical research
Chapter 16: Bioenergetics
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Chapter 17. Carbohydrate metabolism
The pentose phosphate pathway
ATP production from glucose
The synthetic function of citrate cycle intermediates
Chapter 18. Lipid metabolism
Hormonal control of fat metabolism
Dietary fat and coronary heart disease
Energy balance and obesity
Chapter 19. The metabolism of proteins and amino acids
The absorption of intact protein
The importance of glutamine
Other nitrogenous compounds
Chapter 20. DNA replication and gene expression
Gene expression - transcription
Protein synthesis - translation
Control of bacterial gene expression
Inhibitors of nucleic acid and protein synthesis
Chapter 21. Gene organization and expression in eukaryotes
Control of gene expression in eukaryotes
Chapter 22. Mutations, evolution and inherited disease
Section 5: Control processes
Chapter 23. The integration and control of metabolism
The metabolic characteristics of some individual tissues
The adjustment of tissue metabolism to different physiological states
The regulation of metabolic pathways
Control of the flux through a metabolic pathway
The identification of rate-limiting reactions
Factors affecting the activity of regulatory enzymes in metabolic pathways
Allosteric activation and inhibition
Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions
Chapter 24. Hormones and growth factors
The determination of hormone concentrations by radioimmunoassay
The mode of action of hormones
Hormones and energy metabolism
Chemical messengers other than hormones
Chapter 25. The body fluids
Chapter 27. Connective tissue
Occurrence and characteristics of connective tissues
Section 7: Calcified tissues
Chapter 28. Biological mineral
The contribution of biological apatite to electrolyte and acid-base balance
Chapter 29. Bone, dentine and cementum
The origins and functions of calcified mesoderm
Other organic constituents
Chapter 30. The metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis
Chapter 31. The mineralization process
An early theory of mineralization - the alkaline phosphatase hypothesis
The concepts of crystal growth and nucleation
Mineralization - a synthesis of ideas concerning an unsolved mystery
The composition of mature enamel
Patterns in the development and maturation of enamel
Section 8: Biology of the mouth
Chapter 33. The oral environment
Chapter 34. The formation and properties of dental plaque
The plaque flora - cell adhesion
Chapter 35. Plaque metabolism and dental disease
Sugar metabolism and acid production
Nitrogen metabolism and base production
Calcium phosphate solubility and plaque disease
Gingivitis and periodontal disease
Biochemical aspects of cell damage
Chapter 36. The prevention of plaque-induced diseases
Maintenance of salivary flow and access
Plaque removal and the use of toothpaste
Modification of the enamel surface
General inhibition of plaque organisms
Selective inhibition of bacteria
Suggestions for further reading
Biochemistry and Oral Biology
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