Chapter
1.4.2. Characteristics of Porous Ceramics
1.5.1. Classifying Polymer Foams
1.5.2. Characteristics of Polymer Foams
Excellent Performance of Heat Insulation
Good Impact Energy Absorption
Excellent Sound Insulation
Chapter Two: Making Porous Metals
2.1.1. Preparation of Metal Powders
2.1.2. Molding of the Porous Body
2.1.3. Sintering of the Porous Body
Migration Mechanism During Sintering
Influential Factors in Sintering
Features of Porous Material Sintering
Sintering Methods for Porous Materials
Preparation of Materials with High Porosity
Common Porous Filter Metallic Materials
2.2.1. Preparation of Metal Fibers
2.2.2. Preparation of Porous Bodies
2.2.3. Electrode Plate with Porous Metal Fibers
2.3. Metallic Melt Foaming
2.3.1. Preparation of Porous Bodies
2.3.2. Technical Problems and Solutions
2.3.3. Case Studies on Porous Aluminum Preparation
2.4. Gas Injection into the Metallic Melt
2.5. Infiltration Casting
2.6.3. Reaction Deposition
2.7. Hollow Ball Sintering
2.7.1. Preparation of Hollow Balls
2.7.2. Preparation of Porous Bodies
2.7.3. Fe-cr Alloy Porous Products
2.8. Preparation of the Directional Porous Metal
2.8.1. Solid-Gas Eutectic Solidification
2.8.2. Directional Solidification
2.9.1. Powder Melting Foaming
2.9.2. Investment Casting
2.9.3. Self-Propagating, High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)
2.10. Preparation of Porous Metal Composites
2.11. Special Processing of Porous Metals
Numerical Control (NC) Electric Spark Cutting
Chapter Three: Application of Porous Metals
3.1.1. Functional Applications
3.1.2. Structural Applications
3.2. Filtation and Separation
3.2.1. Industrial Filtration
3.3.1. Sound Absorption Mechanism of Metal Foams
3.3.2. Influence Factor of Sound Absorption
3.3.3. Metal Foam with Improved Sound Absorption
Gradient Pore Structured Metal Foams
3.3.5. the Model for Calculation of Sound Absorption Coefficient
3.4.5. Composite Phase Transformation Materials
3.6. Application in Transportation
3.6.2. Absorption of Impact Energy
3.7. Applications in Biology and Iatrology
3.7.1. Applicability of Materials
3.7.2. Mechanical Requirements
3.7.4. Ta and Stainless Steel Foams
3.7.5. Gradient Structure and Composite
3.7.6. Mechanism of Bone Formation
3.8.1. Energy Absorption and Vibration Control
Magnetorheological Fluid Damper
3.8.2. Electromagnetic Shielding
3.8.5. Building Materials
3.8.6. Catalytic Reactions
3.9. Some Application Illustrations for Refractory Metal Porous Products
Chapter Four: Special Porous Metals
4.1. Amorphous Metal Foams (AMFs)
4.2. Gradient Porous Metals
4.3. Porous Metallic Lattice Materials
4.4. Nanoporous Metal Foams (NMFs)
Application Examples of NMF
4.5. Porous Metallic Films and Thin Films Carried on Metal Foams
4.5.1. Porous Metallic Films
4.5.2. Thin Films Carried on Metal Foam
Chapter Five: Fabricating Porous Ceramics
5.1. Particle Stacking Sintering
5.2. Appending Pore-forming Agent
5.2.1. Addition of Pore-forming Material in Powders
5.2.2. Slurry with Pore-Forming Agent
5.3. Polymeric Sponge Impregnation Process
5.3.1. the Selection of Organic Foam and the Pretreatment
5.3.2. Ceramic Slurry Preparation and Impregnating
Selection of Ceramic Powders
5.3.3. Drying and Sintering of Green Bodies
5.3.4. Progress of Organic Foam Impregnating in Slurry
5.3.5. the Obtainment of the Ceramic Foam with High Strength
Two-time Coating of Slurry
Toughening in the Second Phase
Modification of the Sintering Process
5.4.1. Green Body Foaming
Technological Application Development
Effect of the pH Value of Slurry
5.4.3. Evaluation of the Processing
5.5.1. Different Templates
Template of the Stacking with Uniform Particles
5.5.2. Example of Preparation of Porous Ceramics
Preparation of Porous Alumina
Preparation of Porous SiO2 and Permutite
5.6. New Processing of Porous Ceramics
5.6.3. Freeze-Drying Method
5.6.4. Self-propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS)
5.6.5. Hollow-Sphere Sintering
Stacking of Organic Foam Particles
5.7. the Preparation of New Types of Porous Ceramic
5.7.1. Hydrophobic Porous Ceramics
5.7.2. Ceramic Foam with Gradient Pores
5.7.3. Fiber-porous Ceramics
5.7.4. Slender Porous Ceramic Tubes
5.7.5. Porous Ceramics with Directionally Arrayed Pores
5.7.6. Porous Ceramic Powder
5.8. Preparation of Porous Ceramic Membranes
5.8.3. Preparation Examples for Porous Ceramic Membranes
5.8.4. A Porous TiO2 Film with Submicropores
Preparation of Dense TiO2 Film
Preparation of Porous TiO2 Film
Formation Mechanism of the Pore Structure in TiO2 Film
5.9. Porous Ceramic Composites
Chapter Six: Applications of Porous Ceramics
6.1. Filtration and Separation
6.1.1. Filtration of Molten Metals
Filtration for Casting of Irons and Steels
Filtration in the Automobile Industry
6.1.2. Hot Gas Filtration
Separation of Mixed Gases
Separation of Nonmixed Fluids
Separation of Fluid with Microparticles
6.1.5. Parameters of Separation and Filtration
6.2. Functional Materials
6.2.1. Biological Materials
6.2.2. Ecomaterials (Environmental Materials)
6.2.3. Heat Insulation and Exchange
Heat Insulation Materials
6.2.4. Sound Absorption and Damping
Sound Absorption Materials
An Introduction of a Porous Oxide Composite
The Sound Absobility for the Porous Oxide Composite
Comparison in Sound Absorbability
Comparison with Glass Wool
Comparison with Polyester Fiber Wool
Comparison with Dow Polythene Foam
6.2.5. Sensors (Sensing Elements)
6.3. Chemical Engineering
6.3.2. Porous Electrodes and Membranes
Porous Photocatalytic Film of Titanium Dioxide
6.3.3. Ion Exchange and Desiccants
6.4. Combustion and Fire Retardance
6.5. Overall Comments on the Application of Porous Ceramics
Chapter Seven: Producing Polymer Foams
7.1. the Foaming Mechanism of Plastic Foam
7.1.3. Formation of Bubble Nuclei
The Free Space in the High-Polymer Molecule as the Nucleation Site
The Low-Potential-Energy Site in the High-polymer Melt as the Nucleation Site
Direct Formation of Bubble Nuclei in a Mixture of Gas and Liquid
7.1.5. Stabilization and Solidification of the Foamed Body
Solidification of Thermoplastics
Solidification of the Thermoset Foam
7.1.6. the Foaming of Some Plastics
Cross-linking Foamed Body
7.2. Molding Process for Polymer Foams
Principles of Injection Molding
7.2.5. Reaction Injection Molding (RIM)
7.2.8. Microwave Sintering
7.3. Flame-retardant Polymer Foam
7.3.2. Common Flame-Retarding Plastic Foams
7.4. Progress of Plastic Foam Preparation
7.4.1. Modification of Traditional Foamed Plastics
7.4.2. Microcellular Plastics
7.4.3. Sound-Absorbing Plastic Foams
7.4.4. Biodegradable Foamed Plastics
7.4.5. Reinforced Foamed Plastic
7.4.6. Posttreatment of Foamed Plastics
7.4.7. Plant Oil-based Plastic Foams
Zero ODP or Low-ODP Foaming Agents
Foaming with Changing Pressure
Utilization of Natural Resources
Chapter Eight: Applications of Polymer Foams
8.1. Thermal Insulation Materials
8.1.1. Factors Affecting Thermal Insulation Performance
8.1.2. Thermal Insulation and Energy Saving Construction
8.3. Sound-Absorbing Materials
8.3.2. Sound Absorption Principles and Mechanisms
8.4. Separation and Enrichment
8.4.1. Working Principles
8.4.2. Modification Application
8.4.3. Enrichment of Organic Poisonous Matters
8.5.2. Structural Materials
8.5.3. Fireproofing Technology and Active Explosion Suppression
8.6. Applications of Typical Kinds of Polymer Foam
8.6.1. Thermosetting Polymer Foams
8.6.2. Thermoplastic General Polymer Foams
8.6.3. Engineering Thermoplastic Foams
8.6.4. High-Temperature-Resistant Polymer Foams (Using Temperatures Higher Than 200c)
8.6.5. Functional Polymer Foams
8.6.6. Other Polymer Foams
8.7. New, Functional Polymer Foams
8.7.1. Microcellular Plastics
8.7.2. Magnetic Polymer Foams
8.7.3. Porous, Self-lubricating Plastics
8.8. Overall Application Review of Polymer Foams
Chapter Nine: Characterization Methods: Basic Factors
9.1.1. Basic Mathematical Relationship
9.1.2. Microscopic Analysis
9.1.3. Mass-volume Direct Calculation
9.2.1. Microscopic Analysis
Average Pore Size with Medium Flow
9.2.5. Liquid-liquid Method
Test Equipment and Methods
9.3.1. Microobservation Method
X-ray Tomography with Medium Resolution
X-ray Tomography with High Resolution
9.3.3. Potential Examination by DC of Pore Defects
9.4. Specific Surface Area
9.4.1. Gas Adsorption Method (BET Method)
Testing Method and Equipment
Single-Point and Multipoint Methods
9.4.2. Fluid Penetrant Method
9.5. Mercury Intrusion Method
9.5.1. Principle of Mercury Intrusion
9.5.2. Measurement of Pore Size and Distribution
9.5.3. Measurement of Specific Surface Area
9.5.4. Measurement of Apparent Density and Porosity
9.5.5. Experimental Instrument for Mercury Intrusion
9.5.6. Measurement Error Analysis and Treatment
Compressibility of Mercury
Contact Angle of Mercury to Porous Materials
Surface Tension of Mercury
Dynamic Hysteresis Effect
Compressibility of the Sample
9.5.7. Scope of Application
Pressure and the Limit of Pore Size
9.5.8. Comparison of the Different Methods [7]
Chapter Ten: Characterization Methods: Physical Properties
10.1. Sound Absorption Coefficient
10.1.1. Characterization of Sound Absorbability
10.1.2. Measurement of the Sound Absorption Coefficient
Testing of the Sound Absorbability of Metal Foams at High Temperatures
10.1.3. Analysis and Discussion
The Mechanism of Acoustic Attenuation [5]
Sound Absorption Influencing Factors
Relationship Between Sound Absorption and Frequency
10.2. Thermal Conductivity
10.2.1. Characterization of Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity
10.2.2. Measurement of Thermal Conductivity
10.2.3. Measurement of Thermal Conductivity for Porous Materials
Steady-state Planar Measurement (Steady-state Planar Heat Source Method)
Effective Thermal Conductivity and Contact Resistance of Porous Materials
10.2.4. Evaluation of Performance
The Influencing Factors of the Thermal Conductivity of Materials
The Influencing Factors of the Thermal Conductivity of Porous Materials
10.3. Electrical Resistivity/electrical Conductivity
10.3.1. Four-Probe Method
10.3.2. Double Bridge Method
10.3.3. Potentiometer Method
Porous Materials
：Processing and Applications
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