Front Cover

ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH

Sea Plants

Copyright

CONTENTS

CONTRIBUTORS

PREFACE

Chapter One - Selected Comments on the Role of Algae in Sustainability

1.1 GENERAL ELEMENTS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY

1.2 PHYCOLOGY: A MAJOR SCIENCE, WITH POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO BE MADE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

1.3 THE ALGONAUTS’ ROAD: AN EXAMPLE OF PHYCOLOGY AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN SCIENCE, SOCIETY AND SUSTAINABILITY

1.4 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Two - Seaweed Metabolomics: A New Facet of Functional Genomics

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION

2.3 ANALYTICAL PLATFORMS FOR METABOLITE SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION

2.4 INTEGRATION OF METABOLOMICS DATA WITH FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Three - Chondrus crispus – A Present and Historical Model Organism for Red Seaweeds

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 HISTORY

3.3 ECOLOGY

3.4 LIFE CYCLE

3.5 GENETICS, POPULATION STRUCTURE AND THE MATING SYSTEM

3.6 ECOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BIOTIC INTERACTIONS

3.7 PHOTOSYNTHESIS

3.8 GENES AND GENOMES

3.9 PERSPECTIVES ON PRIMARY METABOLISM

3.10 CELL WALL BIOLOGY

3.11 COMMERCIAL USES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Four - Salinity and Desiccation Induced Oxidative Stress Acclimation in Seaweeds

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 ALTERATIONS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF SEAWEEDS UNDER SALINITY AND DESICCATION STRESS

4.3 ROS GENERATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS

4.4 ACCLIMATION STRATEGIES TO SALINITY AND DESICCATION STRESS IN SEAWEEDS

4.5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Five - Plant Growth Regulators in Seaweeds: Occurrence, Regulation and Functions

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 AUXINS

5.3 CYTOKININS

5.4 GIBBERELLINS

5.5 ABSCISIC ACID

5.6 ETHYLENE

5.7 BRASSINOSTEROIDS

5.8 JASMONATES

5.9 SALICYLIC ACID

5.10 STRIGOLACTONES

5.11 POTENTIAL USES OF PGRS IN SEAWEED BIOTECHNOLOGY

5.12 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Six - The Status of Kelp Exploitation and Marine Agronomy, with Emphasis on Macrocystis pyrifera, in Chile

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 KELP FISHERIES IN CHILE

6.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF KELP AQUACULTURE

6.4 KELP GENETICS AND STRAIN SELECTION

6.5 DISEASES

6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS OF ­LARGE-SCALE AQUACULTURE

6.7 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA) OF KELP AQUACULTURE

6.8 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Seven - Seaweeds (Macroalgae) and Their Extracts as Contributors of Plant Productivity and Quality: The Current Status of Our Understand...

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 THE BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF SEAWEED EXTRACTS ON GERMINATION AND EARLY PLANT GROWTH AND ESTABLISHMENT

7.3 SEAWEEDS AND THEIR EXTRACTS IMPROVE PLANT NUTRIENT CONTENT/BIOFORTIFICATION

7.4 SEAWEED EXTRACTS AS BIOSTIMULANTS OF STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS

7.5 BIOTIC STRESS

7.6 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF SEAWEEDS THAT MITIGATE PLANT STRESSES

7.7 THE FUTURE OF SEAWEEDS AND SEAWEED EXTRACTS IN AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Eight - Controlling Seaweed Biology, Physiology and Metabolic Traits in Production for Commercially Relevant Bioactives in Glycobiology

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDES

8.3 CONTROL IN PRODUCTION

8.4 DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

Chapter Nine - Polysaccharides from Codium Species: Chemical Structure and Biological Activity. Their Role as Components of the Cell Wall

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 STRUCTURE OF CELL WALL POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CODIUM SPECIES

9.3 POLYSACCHARIDE DISTRIBUTION ON THE CELL WALL

9.4 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

9.5 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Ten - Enzymatic Recovery of Metabolites from Seaweeds: Potential Applications

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 SEAWEED RESOURCES

10.3 ENZYME-ENHANCED PROCESSES FOR SEAWEED BIOREFINERY

10.4 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SEAWEEDS HYDROLYSATES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS

10.5 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter Eleven - Phycoerythrins: Valuable Proteinic Pigments in Red Seaweeds

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 RED SEAWEED: BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE

11.3 R-PHYCOERYTHRIN AND PHYCOBILIPROTEINS: FUNCTION, STRUCTURE AND UTILIZATION

11.4 PHYCOERYTHRIN EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION PROCEDURES

11.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Twelve - Bioactive Components from Seaweeds: Cosmetic Applications and Future Development

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 METABOLITES OF INTEREST FOR COSMETICS

12.3 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND SEAWEED COMPONENTS

12.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

12.5 CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Thirteen - Phlorotannins in Sargassaceae Species from Brittany (France): Interesting Molecules for Ecophysiological and Valorisation Purpos...

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 PHLOROTANNINS IN SARGASSACEAE

13.3 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE VARIABILITY OF PHLOROTANNINS IN SARGASSACEAE

13.4 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHLOROTANNINS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Fourteen - The Antifouling Defence Mechanisms of Marine Macroalgae

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.2 WHY SEAWEEDS NEED ANTIFOULING DEFENCE?

14.3 PHYSICAL ANTIFOULING DEFENCE IN SEAWEEDS

14.4 CHEMICAL ANTIFOULING DEFENCE

14.5 METHODS FOR ASSESSING ALGAL ANTIFOULANTS

14.6 ECOLOGY VS. APPLICABILITY

14.7 GENERAL TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ALGAL ANTIFOULING DEFENCE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Fifteen - Haslea ostrearia-like Diatoms: Biodiversity out of the Blue

15.1 INTRODUCTION: THE DIATOMS

15.2 THE GENUS HASLEA

15.3 BIOLOGY OF HASLEA OSTREARIA

15.4 MARENNINE, A SPECIFIC BLUE PIGMENT

15.5 GREENING OYSTERS, SIGNATURE OF HASLEA OSTREARIA

15.6 MARENNINE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION AND ACTIVITIES

15.7 HASLEA OSTREARIA A PRESUMED COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES

15.8 UNEXPECTED BIODIVERSITY OF BLUE DIATOMS

15.9 INTO THE GENOMIC ERA

15.10 EVIDENCE FOR HASLEA OSTREARIA TO BE A COSMOPOLITAN SPECIES

15.11 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter Sixteen - Oxidative Stress Regulation in Lichens and Its Relevance for Survival in Coastal Habitats

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.2 COASTAL LICHENS: TAXONOMY, ECOLOGY AND ZONATION

16.3 GENESIS OF OXIDATIVE COMPOUNDS AND PRIMARY ANTIOXIDANT BARRIER

16.4 LICHEN SECONDARY METABOLITES AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

16.5 CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX

COLOUR PLATES