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Neurochemistry of the Retina

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Table of Contents

PREFACE

PART I: COMPOSITION, METABOLISM AND BIOGENESIS OF MEMBRANE COMPONENTS

CHAPTER 1. TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE VERTEBRATE PHOTORECEPTOR MEMBRANE

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2. BIOSYNTHESIS OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS IN THE RETINA: SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION AND PROPRANOLOL ACTION ON PHOSPHATIDIC ACID, PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE AND PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN MICROSOMES

DECARBOXYLATION OF PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE YIELDING PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE TAKES PLACE IN RETINAL MICROSOMES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3. SYNTHESIS AND TURNOVER OF LIPID AND PROTEIN COMPONENTS OF FROG RETINAL ROD OUTER SEGMENTS

ABSTRACT

KEY WORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODOLOGY

BIOSYNTHESIS OF RETINAL PROTEIN FROM SERINE AND GLYCEROL

BIOSYNTHESIS OF RETINAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS

DECARBOXYLATION OF PHOSPHATIDYL SERINE TO PHOSPHATIDYL ETHANOLAMINE

TURNOVER OF PHOSPHATIDYL SERINE IN ROD OUTER SEGMENTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4. THE GANGLIOSIDES OF THE CHICKEN RETINA AND OPTIC TECTUM.THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON THEIR LABELLING AFTER AN INJECTION OF LABELLED PRECURSORS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

THE SUBCELLULAR SITE OF SYNTHESIS

THE DEVELOPMENT OF GLYCOSYLATING ENZYMES IN RETINA AND ITS RELATION TO THE APPEARANCE OF GANGLIOSIDES

THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT IN THE LABELLING OF RETINA AND OPTIC TECTUM GANGLIOSIDES

STUDIES ON THE GANGLIOSIDES THAT ARRIVE TO THE OPTIC TECTUMIN LIGHT AND DARK

SURFACE PROPERTIES OF THE GANGLIOSIDE GDla

POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS OF GDla IN THE OPTIC SYSTEM. POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF INFLUENCE OF RETINA IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE CNS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5. THE LIPID INTERMEDIATE PATHWAY IN THE RETINA FOR THE ACTIVATION OF CARBOHYDRATES INVOLVED IN THE GLYCOSYLATION OF RHODOPSIN

ABSTRACT

KEY WORDS

INTRODUCTION

MANNOSYL TRANSFERASES OF THE RETINA

N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYL TRANSFERASES: BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE CORE REGION TRISACCHARIDE

THE LIPID INTERMEDIATE PATHWAY AND THE GLYCOSYLATION OF RHODOPSIN

REFERENCES

PART II: BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF VISUAL CELLS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PIGMENTE PITHELIUM, PHOTORECTOR SHEDDING AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM

CHAPTER 6. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES RELATED TO THE PIGMENT EPITHELIUMAND ITS INTERACTION WITH THE RECEPTOR LAYER

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

THE STANDING POTENTIAL OF THE EYE

THE c-WAVE OF THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM (ERG)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7. CONTROL OF ROD SHEDDING IN THE FROG RETINA

ABSTRACT

KEY WORDS

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8. RETINAL DEVELOPMENT: TIME AND ORDER OF APPEARANCE OF SPECIFIC NEURONAL PROPERTIES

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9. CYCLIC METABOLISM OF PHOTORECEPTORS AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM IN THE FROG

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10. AN HYPOTHESIS FOR A VITAMIN A CYCLE IN THE PIGMENT EPITHELIUM OF BOVINE RETINA

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11. THE CHEMISTRY OF THE RETINA: FUNCTION, RENEWAL, RHYTHMS, AND THE NUCLEUS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

RENEWAL CHEMISTRY

RHYTHMIC CHEMISTRY

INTEGRATION OF CELL CHEMISTRY

THE NUCLEUS

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE NUCLEUS

SYNTHESIS AND RENEWAL OF NUCLEAR CONSTITUENTS

RENEWAL AND REPAIR

GENETIC REGULATION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

PART III: CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION OF NERVE SIGNALS, LOCALIZATION, METABOLISM AND FUNCTION OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS

CHAPTER 12. STUDIES ON PUTATIVE NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE DISTAL RETINA

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

LOCALIZATION STUDIES

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 13. THE LOCALIZATION AND METABOLISM OF GLUTAMATE, ASPARTATE AND GABA IN THE RAT RETINA

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

LOCALIZATION

METABOLISM

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 14. GABA AND DOPAMINE RECEPTOR BINDING IN RETINAL SYNAPTOSOMAL FRACTIONS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

DOPAMINE RECEPTORS IN RABBIT AND BOVINE RETINA

DOPAMINE RECEPTORS IN GOLDFISH RETINA

DOPAMINE-STIMULATED ADENYLATE CYCLASE IN RETINA

GABA RECEPTOR BINDING IN BOVINE RETINA

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 15. RETINAL ORGANIZATION: NEUROTRANSMITTERS AS PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBES

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 16. THE RELEASE OF ACETYLCHOLINE AND AMINO ACIDS FROM THE RABBIT RETINA IN VIVO

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 17. RETINAL INDOLEAMINE ACCUMULATING NEURONS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS AND COMMENTS

REFERENCES

PART IV: BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF PHOTORECEPTOR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CHAPTER 18. THE PARTIAL PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF BOVINE RHODOPSIN AND ITS TOPOGRAPHY IN THE RETINAL ROD CELL DISC MEMBRANE

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

RHODOPSIN'S AMINO-TERMINAL REGION

RHODOPSIN'S CARBOXYL-TERMINAL REGION

RHODOPSIN TOPOGRAPHY IN THE DISC MEMBRANE

RHODOPSIN IN ROD CELL MEMBRANES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 19. THE OLIGOSACCHARIDE MOIETY OF RHODOPSIN—ITS STRUCTURE AND CELLULAR LOCATION

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 20. LECTINS AS PROBES OF GLYCOPROTEIN AND GLYCOLIPID OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN RODS AND CONES

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 21. LIGHT-INDUCED, REVERSIBLE BINDING OF PROTEINS TO BOVINE PHOTORECEPTOR MEMBRANES. INFLUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

ABBREVIATIONS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 22. RHODOPSIN PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE FROG RETINA:ANALYSIS BY AUTORADIOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 23. SEARCH FOR A PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF CYCLIC GMP METABOLISM IN THE PHOTORECEPTORS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

PART V: CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES

CHAPTER 24. LOCALIZATION AND ROLES OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE SYSTEMS INRETINA

ABSTRACT

KEY WORDS

INTRODUCTION

DISTRIBUTION OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE SYSTEMS IN RETINA

REGULATION OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE LEVELS IN RETINA

CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES IN RETINAL FUNCTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 25. CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES IN ROD- AND CONE-DOMINANT RETINAS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES OF ROD-DOMINANT RETINAS

CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES OF CONE-DOMINANT RETINAS

CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES OF HIBERNATING AND DEGENERATIVE CONE-DOMINANT RETINAS

CONCLUDING REMARKS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

PART VI: BIOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO STUDY THE ENTIRE RETINA

CHAPTER 26. THE ISOLATED RETINA OF MAMMALS: A USEFUL PREPARATION FOR ENZYMATIC-(ADENYLYL CYCLASE) AND/OR BINDING STUDIES OF DOPAMINE RECEPTORS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 27. ERG ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY SOUND

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHOD

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUDING COMMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 28. THE ACTION OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS ON ADENYLATE CYCLASES AND PHOSPHODIESTERASES IN THE RAT RETINA

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

PREPARATION OF RETINAE; INCUBATION CONDITIONS

APPROACH

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 29. COMPOSITION AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF MOLECULAR SPECIES OF RETINA PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

FATTY ACIDS AND MOLECULAR SPECIES OF RETINA GLYCEROLIPIDS

LABELING OF MOLECULAR SPECIES BY RADIOACTIVE GLYCEROL

EFFECT OF PROPRANOLOL ON THE LABELING OF MOLECULAR SPECIES OF RETINA PHOSPHOLIPIDS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 30. SYNTHESIS AND BREAKDOWN OF DIFFERENT SIZED RETINAL PROTEINS IN DARKNESS AND DURING PHOTIC STIMULATION

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

PART VII: NEUROCHEMICAL STUDIES IN RETINAL DISEASES

CHAPTER 31. MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES IN A MODEL OF RETINAL DEGENERATION: CANINE CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS (CCL)

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND MATERIALS

RESULTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 32. CYCLIC GMP METABOLIC DEFECTS IN INHERITED DISORDERS OF rd MICE AND RCS RATS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

INHERITED BLINDNESS IN rd MICE

INHERITED BLINDNESS IN RCS RATS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 33. CYCLIC GMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE ACTIVATOR: INVOLVEMENT IN A HEREDITARY RETINAL DEGENERATION

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

1. DOG MODELS FOR RETINAL DEGENERATION

2. CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES AND VISION

3. MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE IRISH SETTER

4. BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE IRISH SETTER

5. QUESTIONS AND FUTURE WORK

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 34. GYRATE ATROPHY OF THE RETINA AND CHOROID IS AN INBORN ERROR OF METABOLISM OF ORNITHINE AMINOTRANSFERASE

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

CLINICAL DISEASE

METABOLIC FINDINGS

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 35. EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS GANGLIOSIDES ON THE PATTERN OF RESPIRATORY ENZYMES IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN THE RAT

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 36. BIOCHEMISTRY OF RETINAL DEGENERATION IN RATS AND MICE: A SHORT REVIEW

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

APPENDIX: CATALOGUE OF MOUSE AND RAT STRAINS USED FOR STUDIES ON INHERITED RETINAL DEGENERATION

REFERENCES

PART VIII: FUTURE RESEARCH AND PROSPECTIVE FROM NEUROCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE RETINAI N HEALTH AND DISEASE

CHAPTER 37. THE RETINA AS A BIOCHEMICAL MODEL OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REGENERATION

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

DEVELOPMENT AND REGENERATION

IN VITRO STUDIES

THE EXPLANTED GOLDFISH RETINA

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE RETINA DURING REGENERATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 38. ACETYLCHOLINE IN THE RETINA

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS AND RELEASE

IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHOLINERGIC CELLS

FUNCTIONS OF THE CHOLINERGIC CELLS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 39. DOPAMINERGIC MECHANISMS IN THE CARP RETINA: EFFECTS OF DOPAMINE, K+ AND LIGHT ON CYCLIC AMP SYNTHESIS

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

METHODS AND MATERIALS

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 40. THE DISK MEMBRANE AS MODEL FOR AN EXCITABLE MEMBRANE

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RHODOPSIN

RHODOPSIN AS A MEMBRANE PROTEIN

CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES UPON PHOTOLYSIS OF RHODOPSIN

REVERSIBILITY OF CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES IN RHODOPSIN

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

PARTICIPANTS

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