Description
Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict details Afghanistan's physical geography — namely climate, soils, vegetation, water, hazards, and basic geologic background and terrain landforms — together with details of its rich natural resources, ethnic problems, and relevant past histories. The book couples these details with the challenges of environmental degradation and new environmental management and protection, all of which are considered finally in both pessimistic and optimistic modes. The reader comes away with a nuanced understanding of the issues that are likely to have great affect for this pivotal region of the world for decades to come.
With an estimated $1-3 trillion dollars of ore in the ground, and multiple cross-reinforcing cancellations of big Asian power machinations (China, India, Iran, Pakistan), Afghanistan has an opportunity to gain more economic independence. At the same time, however, historic forces of negativity also pull it back toward the chaos and uncertainty that has defined the country and constrained its economic progress for decades.
- Authored by the world’s foremost expert on the geology and geomorphology of Afghanistan and its lucrative natural resources
- Aids in the understanding of the physical environment, natural hazards, climate-change situations, and natural resources in one of the most geographically diverse and dangerous terrains in the world
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Chapter
Part I - Overview of the Geology and Geography of Afghanistan
2 - Rock and Landform Jigsaw Puzzles
Bedrock Geology, Structure, and Surficial Sediments
Geomorphologic Mapping of Afghanistan
Geomorphologic Subdivision of Afghanistan
Transpressional Plate Boundary Geomorphic Region (TPB Region)
Accreted Terranes Geomorphic Region (AT Region)
Middle Afghanistan Shear Zone Geomorphic Region (MASZ Region)
North Afghanistan Platform Geomorphic Region (NAP Region)
4 - Soils and Vegetation In extremis
Biogeography (Vegetation)
Hydrologic Cycle in Afghanistan
Air Transport, Airports and the Afghan Air Force
Coalition Military Supply Routes
8 - Hazards and Disasters in Afghanistan
Part II - Introduction to Resources: Bones of Contention or Solutions to Interminable War?
9 - Afghanistan Border Fixing
Afghanistan–Central Asian Borders
The Afghanistan–Chinese Border
Afghanistan–Pakistan Border—The Durand Line
Afghanistan–Persian Border
10 - Lost Resource Opportunities
11 - Discovery of Rich Resources
12 - Rich Resource Exploitations, Resource Curses, and Resource Wars
Escaping the Resource Curse
Rare Metals and Rare Earths
13 - Air and Space Technology in Resource Delineation: Peace and War
14 - Resource Rushes in Afghanistan
Military Nation Building in Afghanistan
Task Force for Business and Stability Operations
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
Neighboring Countries Desiring Access to Resources
Northern Hydrocarbons Resource Corridor Segment
Southeast Copper Resource Corridor Segment
Cross Hindu Kush Resource Corridor Segment
Steel and Energy Resource Corridor Link Segment
Part III Overview of Environment and Development of Afghanistan
16 - Afghanistan Environment and Development Issues
Extractive Mineral Resources
17 - Afghanistan Environmental Degradation
Water Diminution and Contamination
Soil Salinization from Irrigation
Soil Erosion (Sheet Erosion, Soil Landslides, Deflation)
Overgrazing Rangeland Degradation
Dearbification or “Deshrubification”
Biodiversity, Habitat Loss, and Protected Areas
Pollution and Environmental Health (Urban and Industrial Pollution)
18 - Afghanistan Environmental Protection
Pillar 1: Environmental Institutions and Coordination
Pillar 2: Environmental Law and Policy
Pillar 3: Environmental Impact Assessment
Pillar 4: Environmental Information and Assessment
Pillar 5: Community-based Natural Resource Management
19 - Afghanistan Water and Climate Change
Kabul be-zar bashad, be-barf ne-bashad!
Part IV Afghanistan in Future
20 - Pessimistic Scenarios: Incessant War in Afghanistan
Pashtun Cultural Characteristics
Neo-environmental Determinism
Charismatic Mullah Movements
Future Guides from Past Performance
21 - Optimistic Scenarios: Successful Resource Corridors