Natural Resources in Afghanistan :Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict

Publication subTitle :Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict

Author: Shroder   John F.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9780128005453

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128001356

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780128001356

Subject: F1 The World Economic Profiles , Economic History , Economic Geography;P5 Geology;P9 Natural Geography

Language: ENG

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Description

Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict details Afghanistan's physical geography — namely climate, soils, vegetation, water, hazards, and basic geologic background and terrain landforms — together with details of its rich natural resources, ethnic problems, and relevant past histories. The book couples these details with the challenges of environmental degradation and new environmental management and protection, all of which are considered finally in both pessimistic and optimistic modes. The reader comes away with a nuanced understanding of the issues that are likely to have great affect for this pivotal region of the world for decades to come.

With an estimated $1-3 trillion dollars of ore in the ground, and multiple cross-reinforcing cancellations of big Asian power machinations (China, India, Iran, Pakistan), Afghanistan has an opportunity to gain more economic independence. At the same time, however, historic forces of negativity also pull it back toward the chaos and uncertainty that has defined the country and constrained its economic progress for decades.

  • Authored by the world’s foremost expert on the geology and geomorphology of Afghanistan and its lucrative natural resources
  • Aids in the understanding of the physical environment, natural hazards, climate-change situations, and natural resources in one of the most geographically diverse and dangerous terrains in the world
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Chapter

Reference

Part I - Overview of the Geology and Geography of Afghanistan

2 - Rock and Landform Jigsaw Puzzles

Bedrock Geology, Structure, and Surficial Sediments

Geomorphologic Mapping of Afghanistan

References

3 - Terrains of Torment

Geomorphologic Subdivision of Afghanistan

Transpressional Plate Boundary Geomorphic Region (TPB Region)

Accreted Terranes Geomorphic Region (AT Region)

Middle Afghanistan Shear Zone Geomorphic Region (MASZ Region)

North Afghanistan Platform Geomorphic Region (NAP Region)

References

4 - Soils and Vegetation In extremis

Climate

Soils

Biogeography (Vegetation)

References

5 - Watersheds of Want

Hydrologic Cycle in Afghanistan

References

6 - Ethnic Patchworks

References

7 - Silk Road Nexus

Roads and Highways

Railroads

Pipelines

Electrical Power Grid

Air Transport, Airports and the Afghan Air Force

Seaports

Coalition Military Supply Routes

References

8 - Hazards and Disasters in Afghanistan

Earthquakes

Landslides

Floods

Droughts

Sandstorms

Extreme Weather Events

Climate Change

References

Part II - Introduction to Resources: Bones of Contention or Solutions to Interminable War?

9 - Afghanistan Border Fixing

Afghanistan–Central Asian Borders

The Afghanistan–Chinese Border

Afghanistan–Pakistan Border—The Durand Line

Afghanistan–Persian Border

Partition of Afghanistan

Cases for Partition

Cases against Partition

References

10 - Lost Resource Opportunities

References

11 - Discovery of Rich Resources

Natural Gas

Oil

Coal

Cement

Copper

Iron

References

12 - Rich Resource Exploitations, Resource Curses, and Resource Wars

Resource Curse

Escaping the Resource Curse

Resource War

Resource Law

Aynak Copper

Hajigak Iron

Gold

Rare Metals and Rare Earths

Chromite

Gemstones

References

13 - Air and Space Technology in Resource Delineation: Peace and War

References

14 - Resource Rushes in Afghanistan

Military Nation Building in Afghanistan

Task Force for Business and Stability Operations

Mineral Bidding Packages

Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

Neighboring Countries Desiring Access to Resources

References

15 - Resource Corridors

Northern Hydrocarbons Resource Corridor Segment

Southeast Copper Resource Corridor Segment

Cross Hindu Kush Resource Corridor Segment

Steel and Energy Resource Corridor Link Segment

Southeast Extension

Southwest Extension

Northwest Extension

References

Part III Overview of Environment and Development of Afghanistan

16 - Afghanistan Environment and Development Issues

Land

Water

Extractive Mineral Resources

References

17 - Afghanistan Environmental Degradation

Water Diminution and Contamination

Soil Salinization from Irrigation

Soil Erosion (Sheet Erosion, Soil Landslides, Deflation)

Overgrazing Rangeland Degradation

Deforestation

Dearbification or “Deshrubification”

Biodiversity, Habitat Loss, and Protected Areas

Desertification

Pollution and Environmental Health (Urban and Industrial Pollution)

Residuals of Warfare

Conclusion

References

18 - Afghanistan Environmental Protection

Pillar 1: Environmental Institutions and Coordination

Pillar 2: Environmental Law and Policy

Pillar 3: Environmental Impact Assessment

Pillar 4: Environmental Information and Assessment

Pillar 5: Community-based Natural Resource Management

Equator Principles

References

19 - Afghanistan Water and Climate Change

Kabul be-zar bashad, be-barf ne-bashad!

References

Part IV Afghanistan in Future

Overview

Reference

20 - Pessimistic Scenarios: Incessant War in Afghanistan

Pashtun Cultural Characteristics

Neo-environmental Determinism

Charismatic Mullah Movements

Ethnic Patchworks

Foreign Invaders

Corruption

Afghan Xenophobia

Land-Ownership Disputes

Endless Jihad

Illiteracy

Drug Cultures

Purdah Culture

Promotion of Peace

Future Guides from Past Performance

References

21 - Optimistic Scenarios: Successful Resource Corridors

References

Index

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