Surgical Endocrinology

Author: Lynn   John;Bloom   Stephen R  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2013

E-ISBN: 9781483193823

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780750613903

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780750613903

Subject: R659 Other surgery

Language: ENG

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Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.

Description

Surgical Endocrinology presents the fundamentals and practical application of the subject matter. It discusses the molecular background and physiology of the endocrine systems. It addresses the legal aspects of endocrine surgery such as duty of care, and breach of such duty.
Some of the topics covered in the book are the principles of endocrine surgery; molecular structures of organisms; physiology of endocrine system; multiple endocrine neoplasia and molecular genetics; non-surgical management of pituitary tumors; assay formulations and automation technology; syndrome of ectopic hormone production; and anesthesia for pituitary surgery. The classifications of endocrine problems for pregnant women are fully covered. The definition and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis are discussed in detail. The text describes in depth the different histological imaging methods. The anatomy and surgery of anterior pituitary are completely presented. A chapter is devoted to the classification of pituitary adenomas and other tumours.
The book can provide useful information to surgeons, doctors, students, and researchers.

Chapter

Conclusions of relevance to clinical endocrinology

Appendix: Definitions

References

Further reading

Chapter 3. The Physiology of the Endocrine System

Introduction

Neuroendocrinology

Circulating hormones

Endocrine control of the gastrointestinal tract

The molecular approach

References

Chapter 4. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia and Molecular Genetics

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5. Modern Techniques of Hormone Measurement and Their Interpretation

Introduction

Radioimmunoassay or immunometric assay?

Monoclonal antibodies

Non-isotopic labels

Assay formulations and automation technology

Effects of new assay technologies on clinical interpretation of hormone measurements

Summary

References

Chapter 6. Paraendocrine Syndromes

Introduction

Aetiology

Principles of diagnosis and management of ectopic hormone production

Ectopic hormone syndromes

References

Chapter 7. Anaesthetic Considerations in Endocrine Surgery

Introduction

Anaesthesia for pituitary surgery

Anaesthesia for thyroid surgery

Anaesthesia for adrenal surgery

Anaesthesia for abdominal endocrine surgery

Anaesthesia for endocrine surgery during pregnancy

Summary

References

Chapter 8. Endocrine Problems in Pregnancy

Thyroid disease and thyroid function in pregnancy

Management of the enlarged non-toxic goitre during pregnancy

Parathyroid disease and calcium haemostasis in pregnancy

Hypoparathyroidism

Phaeochromocytoma

Pituitary tumour

Acromegaly

References

Chapter 9. Modern Histological Imaging Methods

Introduction

Techniques

Products of the diffuse neuroendocrine system

Conclusions

References

Chapter 10. Legal Aspects of Endocrine Surgery

Introduction

English law

Negligence

Damage and causation

Damages

Consent

The consent form

What to do if you make a mistake

Crown Indemnity

Evidence

Table of cases

Part II: Pituitary Syndromes

Chapter 11. Imaging of the Pituitary

Plain film assessment of the pituitary fossa

CT of the pituitary

Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary

Angiography

References

Chapter 12. Surgical Pathology of the Pituitary Gland

Anterior pituitary

Adenomas of the anterior pituitary

Classification of pituitary adenomas

Tumours other than pituitary adenomas

Vascular disorders of the pituitary

References

Chapter 13. Non-surgical Management of Pituitary Tumours

Introduction

Prolactinomas

Microprolactinomas

Acromegaly

Cushing's disease

Functionless tumours

Gonadotrophinomas/TSH-omas

Hormone replacement treatment

References

Chapter 14. The Management of Pituitary Adenomas by Yttrium-90 Interstitial Irradiation

Radiological criteria for feasibility of 90Y implantation

Choice of irradiation dose for the various types of adenoma

Calculation of pituitary dimensions, the required implant position, length of the rods and the required radioactivity

The operative procedure

Pre- and postoperative management

Histological and hormonal response pituitary and adjacent tissues to 90Y implantation

Complications

Results from 90Y implantation of the various tumour types

Conclusions and future strategy

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 15. Surgery of Pituitary Tumours

Introduction

Clinical features

Symptoms and signs

Endocrinology

Differential diagnosis

Surgical radiology

Bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus sampling

Aims of surgery

Surgical treatment

Perioperative treatment

Complications

Surgical results

Acromegaly

Cushing's disease

Nelson's syndrome

Other hypersecretory syndromes

Non-functioning macroadenomas

Pituitary apoplexy

Empty sella syndrome

Current indications for surgery

References

Part III: Thyroid

Chapter 16. Management of Simple and Non-toxic Goitre

Introduction

Pathology

Clinical presentation

Clinical examination

Management problems

The imaging of the thyroid in multinodular goitre

Treatment

References

Chapter 17. Imaging of the Thyroid

Introduction

Imaging for hyperthyroidism

Imaging for thyroid cancer

Imaging for goitre

Imaging for ectopic thyroid

References

Chapter 18. Surgical Pathology of the Thyroid

Normal anatomy and histology

Hyperplasia

Inflammatory enlargement of the thyroid

Thyroid tumours

Other tumours of the thyroid

References

Chapter 19. Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland and the Technique of Thyroidectomy

Surgical anatomy

Anaesthesia

Technique of thyroidectomy

Retrosternal goitre

Re-exploration of the thyroid

Complications

References

Chapter 20. Surgery of Thyroid Cancer

Introduction

Aetiology

Factors influencing management decisions

Operative considerations

Presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents

Conclusion

References

Chapter 21. Thyroid Lymphoma

Incidence

Associations

Presentation

Investigations

Diagnosis

Histology

Thyroid lymphoma biology

Treatment

Prognostic factors

Unusual thyroid lymphomas

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 22. Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid

Introduction

Embryology and histology

Natural history

Symptomatology

Diagnostic techniques

Treatment

Management of metastases

Postoperative follow-up

Conclusions

References

Chapter 23. The Radiotherapy and Management of Thyroid Tumours

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Hürthle cell tumours

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Anaplastic carcinoma

Chapter 24. Medical Aspects of Thyroid Disease

Anatomy and physiology

Disease processes

Drugs and thyroid function

References

Chapter 25. Management of Thyroid Eye Disease

Diagnosis

Proptosis

Double vision

Optic neuropathy

Surgical decompression

Cosmetic decompression

Medical decompression

Radiotherapy

Lid retraction

Double vision treatment

Botulinum toxin

Ocular muscle surgery

Lid surgery

Natural history of the condition and timing of surgery

Acknowledgement

References

General reading

Chapter 26. Management of the Damaged Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve following Thyroid Surgery

Anatomical considerations

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy

Remedial measures for unilateral paralysis

References

Part IV: Parathyroid Disease

Chapter 27. Calcium and Bone Metabolism

Plasma calcium homoeostasis

Bone calcium homoeostasis

Regulation of bone cell activity

References

Chapter 28. The Medical Management of Hypercalcaemia

Introduction

Pathophysiology

Treatment aims

Management of malignant hypercalcaemia

Methods of treatment

Primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia

Conclusions

References

Chapter 29. Imaging of the Parathyroids

Introduction

Radiological anatomy

Non-invasive procedures

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography

References

Chapter 30. Indications for Surgery in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Pathogenesis and aetiology

Treatment

Limitations of medical treatment and the need for surgery

Parathyroid surgery

References

Chapter 31. Surgical Pathology of the Parathyroids in Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Anatomy

Histology

Histological evaluation of parathyroid function

Hyperparathyroidism

References

Chapter 32. Surgery of the Parathyroids

Anatomy of the parathyroid

Implications of the various sites of parathyroid glands

Peroperative localization of the parathyroid

Management of various parathyroid pathologies

Concomitant thyroid pathology at exploration

The surgical treatment of secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism

Summary

References

Part V: Adrenal

Chapter 33. Phaeochromocytoma and Related Tumours

Introduction

Origin and prevalence of phaeochromocytoma

Associated disorders

Clinical features of phaeochromocytoma and their pathophysiological basis

Biochemical diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma

Localization

Management

Special circumstances

References

Chapter 34. Syndromes of Corticosteroid Excess

Historical

Anatomy

Biochemistry of adrenal hormones

Glucocorticoids and Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

Treatment of Cushing's syndrome

Mineralocorticoids and primary hyperaldosteronism

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Conclusion

References

Chapter 35. Imaging of the Adrenals

Anatomy

Imaging modalities

Diseases of the adrenal gland

References

Chapter 36. Surgical Pathology of the Adrenal Cortex and Medulla

Anatomy

Adrenal cortex

Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal medullary hyperplasia

References

Chapter 37. Surgical Anatomy and Surgery of the Adrenal Glands

Introduction

Background and history

Anatomy

Physiology

Pathology and indications for surgery

Preparation for surgery

Surgical techniques

Postoperative management

References

Chapter 38. Neuroblastomas

Introduction

Surgical considerations

References

Chapter 39. Masculinizing and Feminizing Syndromes

Introduction

Normal sexual differentiation

Masculinizing syndromes (Female pseudohermaphroditism)

Feminizing syndrome (male pseudohermaphroditism)

Management of ambiguous genitalia — a practical approach

References

Part VI: Endocrine Tumours of the Gut

Chapter 40. Diagnosis and Medical Management of Gastroenteropancreatic Tumours

Introduction

Histology

Radioimmunoassays

Clinical syndromes

Tumour localization

Treatment

Summary

References

Chapter 41. Surgical Aspects of Carcinoid Tumours

Introduction

Small bowel carcinoids

Specific features of the more clinically important tumours

Carcinoid syndrome

Conclusion

References

Chapter 42. Surgery of Endocrine Tumours of the Pancreas

General features

Insulinoma

Nesidioblastosis

Gastrinoma

VIPoma

Glucagonoma

Somatostatinoma

PPoma

Other rare secreting tumours

References

Chapter 43. Imaging Endocrine Tumours of the Gut

Islet cell tumours of the pancreas

Carcinoid tumours

Interventional radiology

Imaging sequence

References

Chapter 44. Management of Secondary Endocrine Tumours of the Liver

Introduction

Tumour types

Diagnosis

Objectives of therapy

Pre-treatment

Treatment options

Surgical approaches

Results

Conclusions

References

Chapter 45. Surgical Pathology of Endocrine Tumours of the Alimentary Tract

General features of endocrine neoplasms of the alimentary tract

Oesophagus

Stomach

Duodenum

Jejunum and ileum

Appendix

Large bowel

Endocrine tumours of the pancreas

References

Part VII: Tests

Chapter 46. Some Commonly used Endocrine Diagnostic Tests

Pituitary—adrenal

Posterior pituitary

Growth

Adrenal

Thyroid

Pancreas

Miscellaneous

Index

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