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INSTRUMENTAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY

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Contents

Contributors

Chapter 1 - Milestones, Core Concepts, and Contrasts

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 MILESTONES

1.3 ATTRIBUTES OF A PLANAR FORMAT

1.4 CONSEQUENCES OF CAPILLARY-CONTROLLED FLOW

1.5 SOLVENT-STRENGTH GRADIENTS

1.6 MULTIDIMENSIONAL SEPARATIONS

1.7 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 2 - High-Performance Precoated Stationary Phases

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 INORGANIC OXIDE SORBENTS

2.3 CHEMICALLY BONDED SORBENTS

2.4 CELLULOSE

2.5 CHIRAL SORBENTS

2.6 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 3 - Ultrathin and Nanostructured Stationary Phases

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 MONOLITHIC SILICA GELS

3.3 MONOLITHIC POLYMERS

3.4 ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS

3.5 NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS

3.6 CARBON NANOTUBE-TEMPLATED LAYERS

3.7 ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNIQUES

3.8 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 4 - Automated Multiple Development

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 APPLICATIONS

4.3 FUTURE TRENDS

4.4 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 5 - Forced-Flow Development in Overpressured Layer Chromatography

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE OPLC PROCESSES

5.3 INSTRUMENTS AND LAYERS FOR OPLC

5.4 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF OPLC

5.5 ANALYTICAL AND PREPARATIVE APPLICATIONS

5.6 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 6 - Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

6.3 DEVELOPMENT OF EQUIPMENT FOR PPEC

6.4 ADVANTAGES OF PPEC

6.5 APPLICATIONS

6.6 CHALLENGES AND CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 7 - Theory and Instrumentation for In situ Detection

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 THEORY FOR IN SITU DENSITOMETRIC DETECTION

7.3 INSTRUMENTATION FOR IN SITU DENSITOMETRIC DETECTION

7.4 IN SITU MASS-SPECTROMETRY

7.5 IN SITU RADIOISOTOPE DETECTION

References

Chapter 8 - Staining and Derivatization Techniques for Visualization in Planar Chromatography

8.1 PROBLEM OVERVIEW

8.2 REAGENT APPLICATION, EQUIPMENT, AND PROTOCOLS

8.3 TECHNIQUES FOR HEATING OR DRYING LAYERS AFTER DEVELOPMENT

8.4 COMMON DETECTION PROTOCOLS FOR TARGET COMPOUNDS

8.5 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 9 - Advanced Spectroscopic Detectors for Identification and Quantification: UV–Visible, Fluorescence, and Infrared ...

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 ADVANCED SPECTROSCOPIC DETECTORS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION

9.3 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 10 - Advanced Spectroscopic Detectors for Identification and Quantification: Mass Spectrometry

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 CLASSIFICATION OF TLC-MS TECHNIQUES

10.3 INDIRECT SAMPLING TLC-MS

10.4 DIRECT SAMPLING TLC-MS

10.5 HIGH-THROUGHPUT TLC-MS DEVICES AND QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS

10.6 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 11 - Effects-Directed Biological Detection: Bioautography

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 APPLICATIONS OF BIOAUTOGRAPHIC TESTS

11.3 PERSPECTIVES

References

Chapter 12 - Solvent Selection and Method Development

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION

12.3 MODE SELECTION

12.4 MOBILE PHASE SELECTION

12.5 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 13 - Validation of Thin Layer Chromatographic Methods

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 METHOD VALIDATION USING THE CLASSIC APPROACH

13.3 ALTERNATIVE METHOD VALIDATION APPROACH USING ACCURACY PROFILES

13.4 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 14 - Separation of (Phospho)Lipids by Thin-Layer Chromatography

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.2 SEPARATION OF LIPIDS BY TLC

14.3 APPLICATIONS

14.4 MALDI FOR MS DETECTION

14.5 SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 15 - Applications in Food Analysis

15.1 INTRODUCTION

15.2 HPTLC IN FOOD ANALYSIS

15.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION, HYPHENATION, AND NEW POSSIBILITIES

15.4 SUITABILITY AND CAPABILITIES

15.5 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 16 - Environmental Applications

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.2 HPTLC IN ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

16.3 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 17 - Pharmaceutical Applications of High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

17.1 INTRODUCTION

17.2 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

17.3 PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

17.4 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 18 - Utility of Thin-Layer Chromatography in the Assessment of the Quality of Botanicals

18.1 INTRODUCTION

18.2 METHOD VALIDATION

18.3 HYPHENATED TECHNIQUES AND CHEMOMETRICS IN HERBAL ANALYSIS

18.4 APPLICATIONS OF TLC IN THE FIELD OF HERBAL PRODUCTS/BOTANICALS

18.5 USE OF HPTLC BY THE AMERICAN HERBAL PHARMACOPOEIA

18.6 RECENT ADVANCES IN HPTLC-BASED QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICALS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

18.7 CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 19 - Analysis of Plant Material

19.1 INTRODUCTION

19.2 SINGLE DEVELOPMENT

19.3 SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES

19.4 COUPLING PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY

19.5 FORCED-FLOW DEVELOPMENT

19.6 CHEMICAL FINGERPRINTING OF PLANT MATERIALS

19.7 EFFECT-DIRECTED ANALYSIS OF PLANT MATERIALS

19.8 IMAGE PROCESSING

References

Chapter 20 - Analysis of Dyes and Inks

20.1 INTRODUCTION

20.2 DYES

20.3 INKS

20.4 CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 21 - Analysis of Dietary Supplements

21.1 INTRODUCTION

21.2 ANALYTICAL CHALLENGES

21.3 INSTRUMENTAL TLC

21.4 ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE INGREDIENTS

21.5 FINGERPRINTING AND DETECTION OF ADULTERANTS

21.6 CONCLUSIONS

References

Index