Front Cover

The Chlorophylls

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

List of Contributors

Contributors

Preface

List of Abbreviations

Section I: Isolation and Chemistry

Chapter 1. The Chlorophylls-An Introductory Survey

I. Introduction

II. Chemical Structures

III. Function

REFERENCES

Chapter 2. Extraction, Separation, Estimation, and Isolation of the Chlorophylls

I. Basis of Interest in Analytical Methods

II. Nature of Chlorophylls

III. Individual Chlorophylls

IV. Desiderata for Estimation of Chlorophylls

V. Alteration Products

VI. Extraction of Chlorophylls

Vll. Estimation of Chlorophylls

VIII. Preparation of Chlorophylls

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 3. The Structure and Chemistry of Functional Groups

I. General Aspects

II. Chemistry of Functional Groups

REFERENCES

Chapter 4. Recently Characterized Chlorophylls

l. Introduction

II. Chlorophyll d

III. Chlorobium Chlorophylls 650 and 660

IV. Chlorophyllide(s) c

V. Bacteriochlorophyll b

VI. Seed-Coat Protochlorophyll

VII. "P750" of Blue-Green Algae

VIII. ''F698''

IX. Chlorophyll e

REFERENCES

Chapter 5. The Synthesis of Chlorophyll a

I. Introduction

II. Hans Fischer's Work on the Synthesis of Chlorophyll a

III. Woodward's Synthesis of Chlorophyll a

REFERENCES

Section II: Physical Properties in Solution and in Aggregates

Chapter 6. Visible Absorption and Fluorescence of Chlorophyll and Its Aggregates in Solution

I. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Monodisperse Chlorophylls and Pheophytins

II. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Chlorophyll Aggregates

III. Fluorescence and Other Luminescence Properties of Chlorophylls and Analogs

REFERENCES

Chapter 7. Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Chlorophyll

I. Introduction

II. Infrared Spectra

III. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra

IV. Applications of Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

V. Concluding Remarks

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 8. Some Properties of Chlorophyll Monolayers and Crystalline Chlorophyll

I. Introduction

II. Chlorophyll Monolayers

III. Crystalline Chlorophyll

REFERENCES

Section III: State of the Chlorophylls in the Cell

Chapter 9. Chloroplast Structure

I. Introduction

II. The Chloroplast as a Complete Photosynthetic System

III. Structure of Chloroplasts As Revealed by Light Microscopy

IV. Structure of Chloroplasts As Revealed by Electron Microscopy

V. Distribution of Function within Chloroplasts

REFERENCES

Chapter 10. The Procaryotic Photosynthetic Apparatus

I. Introduction

II. Structure

III. Control of Photopigment Synthesis

REFERENCES

Chapter 11. Spectral Characteristics of Chorophyll in Green Plants

I. Introduction

II. Early Evidence for an ''Inactive'' Form of Chlorophyll a

III. Absorption Spectroscopy

IV. Two Photosynthetic Pigment Systems

V. Chlorophyll Transformation during Chloroplast Development

VI. Fluorescence

VII. Orientation of Chlorophyll in Vivo

VIII. Conclusion

REFERENCES

Chapter 12. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Bacterial Chlorophylls in Situ

I. Introduction

II. Bacteriochlorophylls

III. Chlorobium Chlorophylls

IV. Discussion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 13. Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes

Part I: Complexes Derived from Green Plants

I. Natural Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes

II. Artificial Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes

REFERENCES

Chapter 13 A. Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes

Part II: Complexes Derived from Green Photosynthetic Bacteria

I. Introduction

II. Bacteriochlorophyll-Protein Complex from Chloropseudomonas ethylicum

III. Modified Complex

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 13 B. Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes

Part III: Optical Rotatory Dispersion of Chlorophyll-Containing Particles from Green Plants and Photosynthetic Bacteria

REFERENCES

Chapter 14. Protochlorophyll

I. Introduction

II. Properties of Protochlorophyll

III. Protochlorophyll in Vivo

IV. Protochlorophyll Holochrome in Vitro

REFERENCES

Chapter 15. The Biosynthesis of Chlorophylls

I. Pathways in the Formation of Chlorophylls

II. The Control of Chlorophyll Metabolism

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 16. Distribution of the Chlorophylls

I. Introduction

II. Chlorophylls of Oxygen-Evolving Photosynthetic Organisms

III. Bacterial Chlorophylls

IV. Concluding Remarks

REFERENCES

Section IV: Photochemistry and Photophysics

Chapter 17. Photochemistry of Chlorophylls in Vitro

I. Introduction

II. The Initiation of Photochemical Processes by Chlorophylls

III. Photochemical Reactions of Chlorophylls

REFERENCES

Chapter 18. Photochemistry of Chlorophyll in Vivo

I. Introduction

II. Photoreactions Associated with Pigment System I of Plants

III. Photoreactions Associated with Pigment System II

IV. Photoreactions Associated with the Bacterial Systems

V. Mechanism of Photochemical Reactions in Vivo

REFERENCES

Chapter 19. Physical Processes Involving Chlorophylls in Vivo

I. Photosynthetic Units: Light-Harvesting Pigments and Photochemical Reaction Centers

II. Mechanisms for the Transfer and Utilization of Energy Absorbed in Photosynthetic Tissues

III. The Significance of Light Emitted by Chlorophylls in Vivo

IV. Conclusions

REFERENCES

Author Index

Subject Index