Front Cover

Chemical Engineering: Chemical & Biochemical Reactors & Process Control

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Preface to Third Edition

Preface to Second Edition

Preface to First Edition

Acknowledgements

List of Contributors

Chapter 1. Reactor Design—General Principles

1.1 Basic objectives in design of a reactor

1.2 Classification of reactors and choice of reactor type

1.3 Choice of process conditions

1.4 Chemical kinetics and rate equations

1.5 General material and thermal balances

1.6 Batch reactors

1.7 Tubular-flow reactors

1.8 Continuous stirred-tank reactors

1.9 Comparison of batch, tubular and stirred-tank reactors for a single reaction.Reactor output

1.10 Comparison of batch, tubular and stirred-tank reactors for multiple reactions. Reactor yield

1.11 Further reading

1.12 References

1.13 Nomenclature

Chapter 2. Flow Characteristics of Reactors—Flow Modelling

2.1 Non-ideal flow and mixing in chemical reactors

2.2 Tanks-in-series model

2.3 Dispersed plug-flow model

2.4 Models involving combinations of the basic flow elements

2.5 Further reading

2.6 References

2.7 Nomenclature

Chapter 3. Gas-Solid Reactions and Reactors

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Mass transfer within porous solids

3.3 Chemical reaction in porous catalyst pellets

3.4 Mass transfer from a fluid stream to a solid surface

3.5 Chemical kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions

3.6 Design calculations

3.7 Gas-solid non-catalytic reactors

3.8 Further reading

3.9 References

3.10 Nomenclature

Chapter 4. Gas-Liquid and Gas-Liquid-Solid Reactors

4.1 Gas-liquid reactors

4.2 Gas-liquid-solid reactors

4.3 Further reading

4.4 References

4.5 Nomenclature

Chapter 5. Biochemical Reaction Engineering

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Cellular diversity and the classification of living systems

5.3 Chemical composition of cells

5.4 Enzymes

5.5 Metabolism

5.6 Strain improvement methods

5.7 Cellular control mechanisms and their manipulation

5.8 Stoichiometric aspects of biological processes

5.9 Microbial growth

5.10 Immobilised biocatalysts

5.11 Reactor configurations

5.12 Estimation of kinetic parameters

5.13 Non-steady state microbial systems

5.14 Further design considerations

5.15 Appendices

5.16 Further reading

5.17 References

5.18 Nomenclature

Chapter 6. Sensors for Measurement and Control

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The measurement of flow

6.3 The measurement of pressure

6.4 The measurement of temperature

6.5 The measurement of level

6.6 The measurement of density (specific gravity)

6.7 The measurement of viscosity

6.8 The measurement of composition

6.9 Process sampling systems

6.10 The static characteristics of sensors

6.11 Signal conditioning

6.12 Signal transmission (telemetry)

6.13 Further reading

6.14 References

6.15 Nomenclature

Chapter 7. Process Control

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Feedback control

7.3 Qualitative approaches to simple feedback control system design

7.4 The transfer function

7.5 Transfer functions of capacity systems

7.6 Distance-velocity lag (dead time)

7.7 Transfer functions of fixed parameter controllers

7.8 Response of control loop components to forcing functions

7.9 Transfer functions of feedback control systems

7.10 System stability and the characteristic equation

7.11 Common procedures for setting feedback controller parameters

7.12 System compensation

7.13 Cascade control

7.14 Feed-forward and ratio control

7.15 MIMO systems—interaction and decoupling

7.16 Non-linear systems

7.17 Discrete time control systems

7.18 Adaptive control

7.19 Computer control of a simple plant—the operator interface

7.20 Distributed computer control systems (DCCS)

7.21 The programmable controller

7.22 Regulators and actuators (controllers and control valves)

7.23 Appendices

7.24 Further reading

7.25 References

7.26 Nomenclature

Problems

Conversion Factors for Some Common SI Units

Index