Chapter
Applied Linguistics Today
Critical Applied Linguistics
Doing Applied Linguistics Critically
The Critical in Applied Linguistics
Applied Linguistics and the Critical
The Emergence of Educational Linguistics
Taking Stock of the Field
Part II: Regional Studies
Multilingualism and the Role of the Excolonial Languages
Language Development: Some African Initiatives
Translation and Interpretation
Language Learning and Teaching
Language Learning and Teaching: African Languages
Academic Literacy Development in Higher Education
Australasia and the Pacific
The Domain of Applied Linguistics in the Region
The World of Australasia and the Pacific
The World of Applied Linguistics in the Region
Modern Linguistics in China
Linguistics Applied and Applied Linguistics in Contemporary China
Language Planning and Policy
Sociolinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism
Sociolinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism
Psycholinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism
A Brief History of Applied Linguistics in North America
Defining and Delimiting Applied Linguistics
Research in Applied Linguistics in North America
Critical Perspectives in Applied Linguistics
New Trends in Applied Linguistics in North America
Some Publications in South America
Four Publications outside South America
The Path of Applied Linguistics in South America: The Shadow Metaphor
Applied Linguistics in the Subcontinent
Multilingualism and Language-Related Concerns
Language Policies: Scheduled and Nonscheduled Languages
Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature
Computational Linguistics
Applied Linguistics and the Region of Southeast Asia: Definitions
Southeast Asia as a Linguistic Region
From Nationalism to Nationism: The Adoption of National Languages
Language Acquisition Planning in Multilingual Societies
Language use in Multilingual Settings and the Question of Social Identity
English: Its Expanding Role and Varieties
English Language Teaching and Learning
Bilingualism in Multilingual Societies
Publications on Applied Linguistics in Southeast Asia
Part III: Language, Learners And Learning
Acquisition of Second Language Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax
L2 Acquisition of Phonology
L2 Acquisition of Inflectional Morphology
L2 Acquisition of Derivational Morphology
Assessment of First Language Proficiency
Sociopolitical Issues in First Language Proficiency Testing
Functional and Processural Criteria for Assessing L1 Speaking, Listening, Writing, and Reading
Beyond the Four Modalities of Language
Integrated, Standard-Based Performance Assessment of L1 Proficiency
Implementation and Washback of L1 Proficiency Testing
Assessment of Second Language Proficiency
Developments in Validity Theory
Developing a Language Assessment System: An Example
Messick on Test Validation: The Social Dimension
A Brief History of Bilingual Lexicography
The Techniques of Modern Bilingual Lexicography
Structure of a Bilingual Entry
Main Issues of Bilingual Lexicography
Bilingual Dictionaries Today and Tomorrow
The Scope of Grammar Teaching
The Aims and Methods of Grammar Teaching
Evaluating the Success of Grammar Teaching
Assimilation versus Pluralism
Language as a Right, a Resource, or a Problem
Minority and Majority Languages in Education
The Interlanguage Hypothesis
Development of the Interlanguage Hypothesis to the Early 1990s
Language Assessment Standards
Measuring and Reporting Standards
Languages for Specific Purposes
Basic Distinctions: Relations between Communicators
Recent Trends for the Development of the Discipline
Learning Sign Language as a Second Language
Learning Two Languages in Infancy
Learning Two Languages Sequentially
Delayed L1 Learning and L2 Learning
Main Features of the MLDSummary
Listening in a Second Language
Interpretation and Inference
Listening as 'Input' to Second Language Learning
Motivation and Attitudes in Second Language Learning
Theoretical Conceptualizations of Motivation in Second Language Learning
Pedagogical Grammars for Second Language Learning
Characteristics of Pedagogical Grammars
Pedagogical Grammar in Language Education
Reading in a Second Language
Revisiting L1/L2 Relationships: the Transfer of Literacy and Language Knowledge
Transferring Knowledge About Language Elements
Transferring Language Elements: Grammar and Vocabulary
Second Language Attrition
Second Language Corpus Studies
Second Language Discourse Studies
Learning Second Language Vocabulary
Deliberate and Incidental Learning
Massed versus Spaced Learning
First Language Definitions
Sign Language Acquisition
Speaking in a Second Language
Models and Descriptions of Second Language Speaking
Areas of Growing Influence and Debate in the Area of Second Language Speaking
Third Language Acquisition
Introduction. The Spread of Third Language Acquisition: Sociolinguistic Perspectives
Differences between Second and Third Language Acquisition
Third Language Acquisition Research
Multilingual Competence and the Multilingual Mind
Contribution of Third Language Acquisition Research to Applied Linguistics
Variation in Second Language Acquisition
The Role of the Interfaces
Syntactic Processing in the Second Language
Writing in a Second Language
Part IV: Language, Teachers And Education
Types of Bilingual Education
Immersion Bilingual Education
Heritage Language Bilingual Education
Dual Language Bilingual Education
Bilingual Education and Politics
Language Revitalization through Bilingual Education
The Advantages of 'Strong' Forms of Bilingual Education
The Effectiveness of Bilingual Education
The English Language and Bilingual Education
The Limitations of Bilingual Education
Communicative Language Teaching
Linguistic Theory and Classroom Practice
Computer-Assisted Language Education
Professional CALL Associations
Content Teaching and Learning
Second Language Education
Foreign Language Programs
Future Directions and Research
Culture in Language Teaching
The Cultural Dimensions of Language Study
New Ways of Integrating Language, Culture, History, and Identity
Education in a Former Colonial Language
Political Goals of Ex-colonies
Colonization and Educational Language Policy
Internet and Language Education
The Internet as Classroom
Research and Resources: The Internet as Tool
Activities: The Internet as Tutor
Equality, Democracy, and the Internet
Language Education of the Deaf
Natural Language of Deaf Children
Languages in Tertiary Education
Languages as Medium of Tertiary-Level Teaching: Overview
Official Language and Medium of Teaching
Differences According to Disciplines and Levels of Teaching
Recent Changes in the Role of English
Problems and Attempts at Alleviation
Foreign Language Requirements
Minority Language Education
Traditions, Continuities, Possibilities, and Controversies
Power-Related Dimensions of Minority Languages and Their Access to Education
Organization of Minority Language Education around the World
Nonnative Speaker Teachers
Definitions of Native and Non-native Speakers
Non-native English-Speaking Teachers' Perceptions of Their Status and Roles
Professional Development of Non-native English-Speaking Teachers
Pedagogy of Languages for Specific Purposes
Specific Features of Pedagogical Contexts
Evaluation of Curriculum and Teaching
The Politics of Mainstream Applied Linguistics
The Politics of Critical Applied Linguistics
Reading and Multiliteracy
Remediation of Language Disorders in Children
Second Language Curriculum Development
Underpinnings of Curriculum
Organization of Curriculum
Information Gathering for Curriculum
Key Questions in Curriculum
Second and Foreign Language Learning and Teaching
Second Language Teacher Preparation
SL Teacher Education: Defining the Knowledge Base
Principles for Designing and Evaluating Teacher Education Programs
Models of Teacher Education Environments
Perspectives and Developments
Second Language Teaching Technologies
Key Developments in the Last Decade
Professional Factors That Affect Technology and Language Learning
The Origins of Teacher Education
The Emergence of Language Teacher Education
Language Teacher Education Since the 1960s
Teaching of Minority Languages
Crossnational Perspectives on Community Language Teaching
Beyond Bilingualism: Dealing with Multilingualism at School
Traditions in Second Language Teaching
Education in the Medieval Age
Revival of Classical Studies
Rise of the Vernacular Languages
Introduction: From Pedagogical Translation to Translation Pedagogy
The Setting for Learning: Translator Education Programs
The Emergence of Translation Pedagogy - Toward the Development of Translator Competence
Vocabulary Program for Second or Foreign Learners
How Should Words Be Dealt With?
Learning Vocabulary Through Listening
Learning Vocabulary Through Reading
Deliberate Vocabulary Learning
Learning Vocabulary Through Speaking
Learning Vocabulary Through Writing
Monitoring and Encouraging Progress
Principles of Vocabulary Learning and Teaching
Part V: Applied Sociolinguistics
Bilingualism and Second Language Learning
Defining and Measuring Bilingualism
Patterns and Mechanisms in Bilinglual Language Development
Bilingual Education: Additive vs. Subtractive Bilingualism
Socio-Psychological Factors
A Key Concept in an Emerging Sociolinguistic Tradition
Communicative Competence in Other Domains
Re-examining Communicative Competence
Definitions: Correctness and Purism
The Appropriateness Model of Linguistic Variation
What is a Standard Variety?
Spoken and Written Language
The Nature of Group Difference
Educational Responses to Disadvantage
Foreign Language Teaching Policy
Defining Foreign Languages
Foreign Language Policy Decisions
Categories of Countries by Linguistic Context
Gender in Language Education
Recurrent Debates about Language, Education, and Gender
Languages of Wider Communication
Languages of Wider Communication
Language Policy in Multilingual Educational Contexts
Global Distribution of Multilingualism
Need for Language Policy and Planning
Components of Language Policy
Language Policies in Nation-States
Language Policy beyond the Nation-State
Language Policies at the International Level
Typologies and Models of Multilingual Education
Transitional Bilingual Education
Weak Linkages between Language Policy and Planning
Schools and Language Revival Efforts
Pedagogy for Language Revitalization
Curriculum and Language Revival
Communicative Language Teaching and L-[r]
Different Expectations from Pedagogy
Final Considerations: Language Revitalization and Instructed Language Acquisition
Lingua Francas as Second Languages
Lingua Francas and Multilingual Societies
Lingua Francas and the Multilingual Individual
International Lingua Franca Interactions
Lingua Francas and Second Language Teaching
Outlook: Current Research Trends
Multilingual Societies and Language Education
Categorizing Education in Multilingual Societies
Debates and Research on Bilingual Programs
United Nations Formulation
Language Rights and Pedagogical Rationale
Second Language Socialization
Second Language Socialization
Background and Key Concepts
Overview of Second Language Socialization Research
Standards and Conventions in Mother Tongues
Schools and Standard Language
Supporting Language Development
Spread and Stratification
World Englishes Speech Communities
Process of Nativization and Englishization
Constructing Identities of Englishes
World Englishes and Conceptual Frameworks
Literary Creativity, Canonicity, and World Englishes
The Pandora’s Box and World Englishes
Catford, John C. (1917-2009)
Ferguson, Charles A. (1921-1998)
Fries, Charles Carpenter (1887-1967)
Hall, Robert A., Jr. (1911-1987)
Hill, Archibald A. (1902-1992)
Hornby, Albert Sidney (1898-1978)
Nida, Eugene Albert (b. 1914)
Palmer, Harold Edward (1877-1949)
Passy, Paul Eacute douard (1859-1940)
Quirk, Professor The Lord Charles Randolph (b. 1920)
Ratke, Wolfgang (1571-1635)
Richards, Ivor Armstrong (1893-1979)
Smith, Henry Lee (1913-1972)
Twaddell, William Freeman (1906-1982)
Vieumltor, Wilhelm (1850-1918)
Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics
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