Front Cover

Instrumental Liquid Chromatography: A Practical Manual on High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods

Copyright Page

Contents

Journal of Chromatography Library

Preface to the First Edition

Preface to the Second Edition

PART 1: FUNDAMENTALS AND INSTRUMENTATION

Chapter 1. Introduction and historical background

References

Chapter 2. Basic principles and terminology

General resolution equation

Calculation of optimum column length

References

Chapter 3. The chromatographic support and column

Introduction

Sources of band broadening

Role of particle size in LC columns

Porous layer supports

Totally porous (microparticulate) supports

Dependence of column efficiency on operating conditions

Columns for high-pressure LC

Column efficiency and internal diameter

Methods of packing chromatographic columns

Microbore columns

References

Chapter 4. Liquid chromatographic instrumentation

Introduction

Tubing and tube fittings

Safety considerations

Solvent delivery systems

Gradient elution devices

Other components of the solvent delivery system

Sample introduction

Chromatographic column and couplings

Detectors

Fraction collectors

Measurement of mobile phase flow-rate

Presentation of results

Availability of LC equipment

References

Chapter 5. Liquid chromatographic detection systems

Introduction

Principal requirements of an LC detector

Photometric detectors

Fluorescence detection

Refractive index detectors

Phase transformation detectors

Other detection devices

Final comment on instrument design

References

Chapter 6. Modern electronic technology and its impact on LC automation

Introduction

Function of electronics in LC instrumentation

Selection and optimisation of separation conditions

Control of the separation conditions

Unattended operation

Special detection techniques

Calculation of column performance parameters

References

PART 2: FACTORS INFLUENCING CHROMATOGRAPHIC SELECTIVITY

Chapter 7. Nature of the mobile phase

Introduction

Methods of separation in the liquid phase

Classification of mobile phases

Development of chromatographic methods

Elution behaviour of complex mixtures of dissimilar compounds

References

Chapter 8. Liquid—solid (adsorption) chromatography

Introduction

Range of sample applicability

Types of adsorptive packings

Mechanism of adsorption chromatography

Choice of separating conditions

Practical aspects of adsorption chromatography

References

Chapter 9. Liquid—iquid (partition) chromatography

Introduction

Range of sample applicability

General considerations

Types of liquid—liquid phase systems

References

Chapter 10. Bonded-phase chromatography

Introduction

Range of sample applicability

Classification of bonded-phase packings

Selection of column packings and solvent to use as mobile phase

References

Chapter 11. Ion-exchange and ion-pair chromatography

Part I: Ion-exchange chromatography

Introduction

Range of sample applicability

Mechanism of ion-exchange separations

Structure of column packings for ion-exchange chromatography

Commercially available ion-exchange materials

Practical aspects of ion-exchange chromatography

Part II: Ion-pair partition chromatography

Range of sample applicability

Choice of column packing for ion-pair chromatography

Factors influencing selection of mobile phase

"Ion-pair" chromatography of basic substances

Ion chromatography

References

Chapter 12. Steric exclusion chromatography

Introduction

Range of applicability of the method

Mechanism of separation

Column packings for steric exclusion chromatography

Choice of mobile phases for steric exclusion chromatography

General scope of steric exclusion chromatography

References

PART 3: USES OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES

Chapter 13. Qualitative analysis

Introduction

Methods of establishing or confirming the identity of an eluting peak

Other considerations when seeking to identify an eluted component

References

Chapter 14. Quantitative analysis

Introduction

Sources of error in chromatographic analysis

Manual methods of integration made after completion of the analysis

Integration made during the course of the analysis

Normalisation of the peaks

Normalisation of peaks with correction factors

Calibration by means of an external standard

Calibration using an internal standard

References

Chapter 15. Practical aspects of trace analysis

Introduction

Sample pretreatment

Sample injection

Chromatographic considerations

Detection considerations

Quantitation of minor components

References

Chapter 16. Practical aspects of preparative liquid chromatography

Introduction

Available methods for increasing the sample throughput of chromatographic columns

Effect of column geometry o n chromatographic resolution

Considerations on the chromatographic support

Practical aspects of preparative liquid chromatography

Applications of preparative chromatography

Industrial-scale chromatographic separations

References

PART 1: APPLICATIONS OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Chapter 17. Published LC applications

Pharmaceutical analysis

Therapeutic drug monitoring of body fluids

Biochemical analysis

Food analysis

Agricultural chemicals and plant growth regulators

Oil and petroleum analysis

Petrochemical and related compounds

Inorganic and organometallic compounds

Polymer analysis (incl . additives)

Appendix 1. International system of units (SI)

Appendix 2. Derivation of the general resolution equation

Appendix 3. Comparison of the U.S. (A.S.T.M.) and B.S.S. sieve sizes in relation to aperture size in micrometers

Appendix 4. Suppliers of liquid chromatographic instrumentation and components

Appendix 5. Solvent selection for infrared detectors

Appendix 6. Standard practice for testing fixed-wavelength photometric detectors used in liquid chromatography

Appendix 7. Practical aspects of using simple liquid stationary phases

Appendix 8. The practice of high-performance LC with four solvents

Appendix 9. Suppliers of well characterised polymer samples for molecular weight standards

List of abbreviations and symbols

Subject index