Front Cover

Computational Wind Engineering 1

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Preface

Symposium organization

PART I: FUNDAMENTALS

Section I: Turbulence Modelling and their Applications

Chapter 1. On the Simulation of Turbulent Flow Past Bluff Bodies

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. STATISTICAL TURBULENCE MODELS EMPLOYED

3. LES MODELS TESTED

4. CALCULATION EXAMPLES

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2. COMPARISON OF VARIOUS TURBULENCE MODELS APPLIED TO A BLUFF BODY

Abstract

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOWFIELD AROUND A BLUFF BODY

3. COMPARISON OF MEAN VELOCITY VECTOR FIELD

4. DISCREPANCY IN SURFACE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

5. COMPARISON OF k-ε AND ASM

6. COMPARISON OF ASM AND LES; modelling of convection and diffusion terms

7. IMPROVEMENT OF LES; new SGS model with vaiable smagorinsky constant

8. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT TURBULENCE MODELS FOR VARIOUS FLOWFIELDS

9. CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

NOMENCLATURE

REFERENCES

Chapter 3. Computational modelling of complex turbulent flow -expectations, reality and prospects

1. CFD - THE CHALLENGE POSED BY PRACTICAL FLOWS

2. CFD - SOME IMPORTANT ISSUES

3. CURRENT CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS

4. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN TURBULENCE MODELLING

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4. MODELING FLOWS AROUND BLUFF BODIES BY REYNOLDS AVERAGED TRANSPORT EQUATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TRANSPORT EFFECTS IN COMPLEX GEOMETRIES : k-ε MODEL

3. SECOND MOMENT CLOSURES

4. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

Chapter 5. Subgrid–scale modeling suggested by a two-scale DIA

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS

3. RESULTS OF A TWO-SCALE DIA

4. SGS MODELS

5. DISCUSSIONS

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6. Estimation of anisotropic k-ε model on the Backward-facing Step Flow by LES data base

1. INTRODUCTION

2. TURBULENCE MODELS AND NUMERICAL METHOD

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4. A PRIORI TEST FOR REYNOLDS STRESS

5. FINAL REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 7. Numerical prediction of separating and reattaching flows with a modifled low-Reynolds-numb er k-ε model

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND MODIFIED LOW-REYNOLDS-NUMBER k-ε MODEL

3. NUMERICAL PROCEDURE AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

4. DISCUSSION OF THE PRESENT MODEL

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 8. Influence of the Turbulence Model in Calculations of Flow over Obstacles with Second-Moment Closures

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSION

4. CONCLUDING REMARKS

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 9. Finite-volume computation of merging parallel channel flows by a second-moment turbulence closure model

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATHEMATICAL MODELS

3. NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 10. Numerical Analysis of Wind around Building Using High-Speed GSMAC-FEM — Validation of Differential Stress Model

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BASIC EQUATIONS

3. VALIDATION OF DIFFERENTIAL STRESS MODEL

4. APPLICATION

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 11. A computational study of the flow in a bluff body/flat plate junction

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND NUMERICAL METHOD

3. RESULTS

4. CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 12. Numerical simulation to determine the effects of incident wind shear and turbulence level on the flow around a building

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4 CONCLUSIONS

5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

6 REFERENCES

Chapter 13. Numerical study of wind flow over an elevated roadway

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PHYSICAL MODEL

3. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

6. References

Chapter 14. Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model

1. INTRODUCTION

2. A HOMOGENEOUS k-ε MODEL FOR THE ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE LAYER

3. ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE LAYER MEASUREMENTS AT SILSOE

4. APPROPRIATE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 15. Transport equations of conditionally averaged Reynolds stresses for computation of turbulent flows with intermittency

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE CONDITIONAL REYNOLDS-STRESS TRANSPORT EQUATIONS

4. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 16. Optimization of roughness parameters for staggered arrayed cubic blocks using experimental data

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT

3. NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

4. OPTIMIZATION OF ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS

5. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 17. Modelling of Turbulent Flows within Plant/Urban Canopies

1. INTRODUCTION

2. AVERAGING PROCEDURE

3. AVERADING PROCEDURE FOR CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS

4. FORMATION OF REYNOLDS STRESS EQUATION MODEL

5. RESULTS

6. SUMMERY AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF TURBULENCE MODELLING AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Section II: Direct and Large Eddy Simulations

Chapter 18. Simulation of complex turbulent flows: recent advances and prospects in wind engineering

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THREE-DIMENSIONAL UNSTEADY SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENT FLOW

3. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LARGE EDDY SIMULATION

4. APPLICATIONS TO FLOWS OVER BLUFF BODIES

5. SOME RECENT LES RESULTS FOR BLUFF BODIES

6. BOOTSTRAPPING

7. CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS

8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

9. REFERENCES

Chapter 19. Large-eddy-simulation of the flow around building models

1. BASIC EQUATIONS AND DISCRETISATION

2. TIME INTEGRATION AND SUBGRID SCALE MODELLING

3. RESULTS

4. REFERENCES

Chapter 20. Computation of Wind Flow around a Tall Building and the Large-Scale Vortex Structure

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS

3. MODEL VALIDATION

4. TALL BUILDING CASE

5. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 21. Large eddy simulation of microburst winds flowing around a building

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MODEL

3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

4. RESULTS

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

7. REFERENCES

Chapter 22. Use of large eddy simulation to measure fluctuating pressure fields around buildings with wall openings

1 Introduction

2 Outline of LES

3 Results of Numerical Analyses

4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 23. Numerical Modelling of Flow Over A Rigid Wavy Surface by LES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS

3. COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION

4. COMMENTS ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

7. REFERENCES

Chapter 24. A numerical study on the flow around flat plates at low Reynolds numbers

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FORMULATION

3. RESULTS

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. REFERENCES

Chapter 25. Fourth Order Finite Difference and Multigrid Methods for Modeling Instabilities in 2-Dimensional Flat Plate Boundary Layers

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS

3. OUTFLOW BOUNDARY TREATMENT

4. NUMERICAL METHODS

5. COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 26. Numerical analysis of flows over walls with protuberances

1.INTRODUCTION

2.GOVERNING EQUATION

3.NUMERICAL SCHEME

4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5.CONCLUSIONS

6.REFERENCES

Chapter 27. A numerical study of nonlinear waves excited by an obstacle in the flow of stratified fluid

1.INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND THE NUMERICAL METHOD

3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF DIRECT AND LARGE EDDY SIMULATIONS

Section III: Numerical Methods

Chapter 28. Finite element methods in wind engineering

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF WIND ENGINEERING SIMULATION TOOLS

3. CONCLUSIONS

4. REFERENCES

Chapter 29. High Resolution Vortex Simulation of Bluff Body Flows

1. INTRODUCTION

2. VISCOUS VORTEX METHOD

References

Chapter 30. Volume–fraction techniques: powerful tools for wind engineering

1. INTRODUCTION: OVERVIEW OF FAVOR CONCEPT

2. A SIMPLE EXAMPLE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

3. MAKING THE CONCEPT A PRACTICAL TOOL

4. ORDINARY AND NOVEL USES OF THE FAVOR METHOD

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 31. Numerical Simulation of High Reynolds Number Flows by Petrov-Galerkin Finite Element Method

1. INTRODUCTION

2. STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

3. PETROV-GALERKIN FORMULATION USING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 32. Direct third-order upwind finite element simulation of high Reynolds number flows around a circular cylinder

1. INTRODUCTION

2. INCOMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

3. THIRD-ORDER ACCURATE UPWIND SCHEME

4. FINITE ELEMENT SCHEME

5. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

6. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 33. Automatic mesh generation for FEM simulation of wind flow around tall buildings

1. INTRODUCTION

2. RECURSIVE SUBDIVISION

3. MESH CONVERSION

4. CONCLUSION

5. REFERENCES

Chapter 34. Numerical Simulation of Flow around a Sphere with Vortex Blobs

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL

3. RESULTS

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. REFERENCES

Chapter 35. Simulation of Turbulent Flow by Discrete Vortex Approximation

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FORMULATION AND NUMERICAL PROCEDURE

3. RESULT

4. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 36. Solution Method of the Time Transient Moving Boundary Problems Using Generalized Porous Media Technique

1. Introduction

2. Basic Idea of the moving obstacle treatment

3. FAVORITE formulation including thin plate

4. Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

5. Result of sample calculations

Chapter 37. Application of Massive Parallel Computer to Computational Wind Engineering

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FLOW SIMULATION

3. MASSIVE PARALLEL COMPUTER USED

4. PARALLELIZATION OF ALGORITHM

5. CASES ANALYZED

6. RESULTS

7. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF NUMERICAL METHODS

PART II: APPLICATIONS

Section I: Wind Load

Chapter 38. The generalization and simplification of wind loads and implications for computational methods

1. COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF WIND LOADING MODELLING

2. SOME BREAKTHROUGHS

3. GENERALIZATION OF RESPONSE USING INFLUENCE SURFACES

4. SIMPLIFICATION THROUGH ORTHONORMAL FUNCTIONS

5. INFLUENCE OF WIND DIRECTION AND UNCERTAINTIES

6. COMPUTATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN WIND LOADING AND SOME CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 39. Numerical simulation of wind-induced pressures on buildings of various geometries

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NUMERICAL APPROACH

3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 40. Predicting r.m.s. pressures from computed velocities and mean pressures

1. FORMULAE FOR R.M.S. PRESSURES IN HOMOGENEOUS ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE

2. FORMULAE FOR R.M.S. PRESSURES IN GENERAL FLOWS

3. THE TEXAS TECH EXPERIMENTAL DATA

4. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN C'p AND Cp

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 41. A comparison of computer and wind-tunnel models of turbulence around the Silsoe Structures Building

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FULL-SCALE MEASUREMENTS

3. WIND-TUNNEL MEASUREMENTS

4. COMPUTATIONAL SOLUTIONS

6. CONCLUSIONS

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

8. REFERENCES

Chapter 42. Computational and Experimental Roof Corner Pressures on the Texas Tech Building

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPUTER MODELLING

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 43. Numerical Simulation of Flowfield around Texas Tech Building by Large Eddy Simulation

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OUTLINE OF FIELD MEASUREMENT OF THE TEXAS TECH BUILDING

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 44. Large eddy simulation of wind flow around dome structures by the finite element method

1. BASIC EQUATIONS

2. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION

3. INDUCING THE FLOW WITH TURBULENCE

4. WIND FLOW AROUND A CYLINDRICAL DOME ROOF

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 45. Computation of wind flow over topography

1. TOPOGRAPHIC MULTIPLIERS

2. RIDGE GEOMETRIES

3. COMPUTER MODELLING

4. RESULTS

5. CONCLUSIONS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 46. Analysis of hyperbolic cooling towers for wind loads with ACMC and semi-loof shell elements

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FORMULATION FOR ANALYSIS

Chapter 47. Computing the statistical stability of integral length scale measurements by autoregressive simulation

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

3. ESTIMATION OF MEAN, VARIANCE AND INTEGRAL TIME SCALE

4. AUTOREGRESSIVE SIMULATION

5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

6. CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 48. Response analyses on along-wind and across-wind vibrations of tall buildings in time domain

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SPECIFICATIONS OF A BUILDING

3. SIMULATION OF THE FLUCTUATING WIND FORCES

4. WIND RESPONSE ANALYSES IN TIME DOMAIN

5. CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 49. Proposed formulae for the power spectral densities of fluctuating lift and torque on rectangular 3-D cylinders

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS

3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND FORMULATION

4. CONCLUSION

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

6. REFERENCES

CHAPTER 50. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS UNDERNEATH ROOFING PAVER SYSTEMS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PHYSICAL ASSUMPTIONS

3. MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS

4. COMPARISONS OF NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5. REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF WIND LOAD

Section II: Wind Induced Vibrations

Chapter 51. Numerical study on aeroelastic instability of cylinders with a circular and rectangular cross-section

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OUTLINE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS

3. COMPUTATIONAL RESULTS

4. CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 52. Unsteady Pressure Field around Oscillating Prism predicted by LES

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OUTLINE OF NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 53. Numerical Investigation on the Aeroelastic Instability of Bluff Cylinders

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROBLEM FORMULATION

3. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL

4. THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS FOR A RECTANGULAR CYLINDER

5. AEROELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF BLUFF CYLINDERS

6. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 54. Numerical simulation of flow field around an oscillating bridge using finite difference method

1 INTRODUCTION

2 PROBLEM FORMULATION

3 RESULTS

4 CONCLUSION

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

References

Chapter 55. A numerical investigation of the unsteady fluid force induced in the annular diffuser by the oscillating inner cylinder

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHODOLOGY OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

3. NUMERICAL RESULTS

4. CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 56. Finite element analysis of vortex-induced vibrations of bluff cylinders

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPUTATIONAL METHOD

3. VORTEX-INDUCED OSCILLATIONS OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

4. CONCLUDING REMARK

References

Chapter 57. Interaction analysis between structure and fluid flow for wind engineering

1.INTRODUCTION

2.ALGORITHM

3. FLOW AROUND A RIGID RECTANGULAR CYLINDER

4.FLOW AROUND A FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE

5.CONCLUDING REMARKS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 58. Vortex induced vibration of circular cylinder

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHOD OF SIMULATION

3. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

4. CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 59. Simulation of Aerodynamic Instability of Bluff Body

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHOD

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4. CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 60. Aerodynamic loading and flow past bluff bodies using discrete vortex method

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHOD

3. DVM APPLICATION FOR BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS

4. DVM IMPLEMENTATION AT COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY

5. REPRESENTATIVE RESULTS

6. CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

Chapter 61. Unsteady aerodynamic force characteristics on 2-D oscillating bluff body

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPUTATIONAL METHOD

3. WIND TUNNEL APPARATUS

4. DISCUSSIONS

5. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 62. Aeolian vibrations of overhead transmission lines: computation in turbulence conditions

1.INTRODUCTION

2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE SYSTEM CABLE-FLUID ACTIONS

3. SOME ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF WIND INDUCED VIBRATIONS

Section III: Environmental Problems

Chapter 63. Numerical study of wind flow over a cooling tower

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PHYSICAL MODEL

3. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 64. A study on the environment in an open court of high rise building with heliport

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OUTLINE OF SIMULATION

3. RESULTS

4. DISCUSSION

5. CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 65. Modelling of flow and ventilation within petroleum process plants

1. INTRODUCTION

2. VENTILATION AND AREA CLASSIFICATION

3. GAS AND SMOKE DISPERSION

4. CONCLUSIONS

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 66. Simulation of diffusion phenomena under unstable conditions using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LAGRANGIAN PARTICLEDIS PERSION MODEL

3. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT

4. CALCULATION RESULTS OF DIFFUSION

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 67. Numerical and experimental simulation of vehicle exhaust gas dispersion for complex urban roadways and their surroundings

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION

3. EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION

4. RESULTS OF NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION

5. CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 68. Simulation of Air Flow over a Heated Flat Plate Using Anisotropie k-ε Model

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT

3 . THE MODEL

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5 . CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 69. Application of Reynolds-Stress Model to the Study of Heat Island Structure over a Slightly Inclined Terrain

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GOVERNING EQUATIONS AND MODEL DESCRIPTION

3. NUMERICAL PROCEDURE

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

5. SUMMARY

Acknowledgement

Chapter 70. Modeling of multisized particle laden turbulent low swirling free jets

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE NUMERICAL MODEL

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4. CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 71. Simulation of wind-driven-rain around a building

1. INTRODUCTION

2. WIND-DRIVEN-RAIN

3. DISCUSSION

4. Acknowledgement

5. REFERENCES

Chapter 72. A three-step Taylor-Galerkin finite element method for orographie rainfall

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BASIC EQUATION

3. THREE-STEP TAYLOR-GALERKIN METHOD

4. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION

5. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

6. CONCLUSION

References

Chapter 73. Three dimensional numerical simulation of snowdrift

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION MODEL

3. THE RESULTS OF SIMULATIONS

4. CONCLUSION

References

DISCUSSIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Section IV: Pedestrian Wind

Chapter 74. Numerical and experimental modelling of the three-dimensional turbulent wind flow through an urban square

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE EXPERIMENTAL SITE

3. NUMERICAL SIMULATION

4. COMPARISON WITH WIND TUNNEL EXPERIMENT

5. CONCLUSION

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

7. REFERENCES

Chapter 75. Numerical Simulation of Flowfield around Buildingsin an Urban Area

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF FLOWFIELD

3. BUILDING ANALYZED

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 76. Numerical Study on Relationship between Building Shape and Ground-Level Wind Velocity

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OUTLINE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

3. RESULTS OF ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4. APPLICATION TO ACTUAL BUILDING(Case 10, Fig. 6)

5. CONCLUSIONS

References

DISCUSSIONS OF PEDESTRIAN WIND

Section V: Vehicle Aerodynamics and Others

Chapter 77. Numerical Analysis and Visualization of Flow in Automobile Aerodynamics Development

1. INTRODUCTION

2. DRAG4D SYSTEM

3. AERODYNAMIC DRAG FORCE

4. Engine Cooling

5. CONCLUSION

6. REFERENCES

Chapter 78. Flow Structure around a 3D Bluff Body in Ground Proximity: A computational Study

ABSTRACT

I. INTRODUCTION

II, MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION

III. METHOD OF COMPUTATION

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V. CONCLUDING REMARKS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A

Chapter 79. Finite element analysis of air flow around an Automatic Guided Vehicle

1. INTRODUCTION

2. A MATHEMATICAL MODEL

3. NUMERICAL METHOD

4. RESULTS

5. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

CHAPTER 80. UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS AND WAKE OF THE SAVONIUS WIND TURBINE : A NUMERICAL STUDY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM

3. TYPICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4. CONCLUDING REMARKS

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

6. REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF VEHICLE AERODYNAMICS AND OTHERS

Section VI: Computer Aided Experiments and Computer Graphics

Chapter 81. Turbulence measurement in a separated and reattaching flow over a backward-facing step with the aid of three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE

3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

4. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 82. Study on three-dimensional characteristics of natural ventilation in halfenclosed buildings using video imaging techniques

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OUTLINE OF EXPERIMENTS

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4. CONCLUSION

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 83. A Computer–Controlled Wind Tunnel

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXPERIMENTAL WIND TUNNELS

3. CONTROL VARIABLES OF FANS

4. MEAN WIND VELOCITY PROFILES AND TURBULENCE INTENSITIES

5. CONTROL OF TURBULENCE INTENSITY

6. CONTROL OF INTEGRAL LENGTH SCALE OF TURBULENCE

7. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 84. Computer Animation for Incompressible Viscous Flow Problems by Using Graphic Engineering Work Station

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ANIMATION SYSTEM

3. DISPLAY EXAMPLES

4. CONCLUSIONS

References

Chapter 85. WC & LEONARDO as interactive visualization systems for Computer Fluid Mechanics

1. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK

2. ADVANCED SYSTEM FEATURES IN AN INTERACTIVE USER ENVIRONMENT

3. PECULIARITIES OF DATA REPRESENTATIONS

4. PRINTOUT

5. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

DISCUSSIONS OF COMPUTER AIDED EXPERIMENTS AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Part III: WORKSHOP: Prospects for Numerical Analysis of Interaction between Fluid Flow and Structural Vibration

Chapter 86. Prospects for Numerical Analysis of Interaction between Fluid Flow and Structural Vibration

1. INTRODUCTION

2. SUMMARIES OF WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS

3. CWE IN STRUCTURAL DESIGN

4. ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF THE NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS

5. THE ROLE OF EXPERIMENT AND WIND TUNNEL TESTING IN CWE

6. LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

CHAPTER 87. FOR THE ADVANCE OF THE COMPUTATIONAL STRUCTURAL AEROELASTICITY

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BASIC PROBLEMS FOR THE DISCUSSION OF STRUCTURAL AEROELASTICITY

3. EXPECTATIONS AND PROBLEMS FOR THE COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH

4. CONCLUSION

Reference

Chapter 88. Survey for the Aeroelasticity of Structures

1. CLASSIFICATION

2. MECHANISM OF BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS

3. RECENT TOPICS

4. WHAT IS REQUIRED OF CWE ?

Chapter 89. A Computational Fluid Dynamicist's View of CWE

1. NUMERICAL ERRORS

2. DATA NEEDS

3. PROSPECTS FOR LARGE EDDY SIMULATION

4. REFERENCES

Chapter 90. Brief Review: Numerical Analysis of the Flow around Vibrating Cylinders

REFERENCES

Chapter 91. Numerical Simulations of Aerodynamic Instability of Bluff Body by the Discrete Vortex Method

1. INTRODUCTION

2. METHODS AND RESULTS

3. CONCLUDING REMARKS

References

Chapter 92. Current Research by the FDM

1. OBJECTIVES

2. PROBLEM FORMULATION

3. DEFINITIONS

4. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

REFERENCES

Chapter 93. Current researches by FEM

1. INTRODUCTION

2. NUMERICAL EXAMPLES

3. COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES

Chapter 94. A contribution to the workshop on computational wind engineering

INTRODUCTION

BUILDINGS

BRIDGES

OTHER STRUCTURES

OTHER RELATED PROBLEMS

MAJOR FACTORS IN PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CWE

CONCLUSIONS

Part IV: SUMMARY OF VIDEO PRESENTATION

1 Video Presentation Report

2 Program

Author Index Volume 46–47 (1993)