Neurobiology of Motor Programme Selection :New Approaches to the Study of Behavioural Choice ( Pergamon Studies in Neuroscience )

Publication subTitle :New Approaches to the Study of Behavioural Choice

Publication series :Pergamon Studies in Neuroscience

Author: Kien   J.;McCrohan   C. R.;Winlow   W.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2013

E-ISBN: 9781483287720

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780080419862

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780080419862

Subject: B845.1 神经心理

Language: ENG

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Description

The traditional view of motor systems as a linear chain of elements switched on and off by command neurons has become increasingly difficult to maintain in the face of accumulating evidence against the existence of command elements. So far, however, the general formulation of an alternative approach has been lacking. This book, by summarising the evidence against the linear approach to motor systems, argues forcefully against it. Analyses are presented of motor systems ranging from the lobster stomatogastric system through molluscan systems, leech movement, insect singing and locomotion, fish and amphibian behaviour, to goal-directed a movements in primates and volitional movements in humans. Comparison of these motor systems reveal the existence of some general principles underlying motor control and behavioural choice such that motor systems appear generally to be parallel, distributed processing networks. By discussing the treatment of motor systems in terms of parallel distributed processing systems, this book presents in concentrated form an alternative to the earlier view of motor systems. As such, the book is a must for all neuroscientists interested in the organisation of motor systems and the neuronal substrates of behavioural choice.

Chapter

1.2. Identification of modulatory inputs and substances

1.3. Multiple forms of the pyloric rhythm

1.4. Multiple forms of the gastric rhythm

1.5. Neurones that switch between pattern-generating networks

1.6. Gastric/cardiac sac fusion

1.7. Networks as multiple task processors

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 2. Control of egg laying behaviour patterns in Lymnaea stagnalis

2.1. Introduction

2.2. The CDC peptides

2.3. The CDC discharge is the command for egg laying

2.4. CDC peptides act as autotransmitters

2.5. Egg laying behaviours

2.6. Part I of egg laying may involve local effects on an identified interneurone

2.7. Egg mass size determines duration of Part II of egg laying behaviours

2.8. Activation of Part II of egg laying is due to sensory input from the female duct to the motor circuitry

2.9. Buccal muscle activity during egg laying and feeding

2.10. Conclusions

References

Chapter 3. Motor programme selection and the control of feeding in the snail

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Generation of feeding rhythm in Lymnaea

3.3. Initiation and modulation of feeding rhythm in Lymnaea

3.4. Central interactions between neural networks

3.5. Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 4. Mechanisms of behavioural selection in Lymnaea stagnalis

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Behaviour in Lymnaea is multiganglionic in origin

4.3. Whole animal withdrawal

4.4. Locomotion

4.5. There are common synaptic inputs to the feeding and locomotor systems

4.6. Egg-laying is a composite behaviour

4.7. Respiratory behaviour

4.8. Effects of transmitters on behavioural selection

4.9. Electrically coupled coordinating interneurones within the multiganglionic network

4.10. The behavioural hierarchy in Lymnaea

4.11. Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 5. To flex, swim or struggle? Behavioural selection in Xenopus embryos

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Patterns of behavioural selection

5.3. Behaviours of amphibian embryos

5.4. Central programming of amphibian embryo behaviour

5.5. Sensory stimulation of different responses in Xenopus embryos

5.6. To flex or swim?

5.7. The synchronous pattern

5.8. To swim or struggle?

5.9. A role for Rohon-Beard neurones in behavioural selection?

5.10. Does the switch between swimming and struggling involve different premotor elements?

5.11. What cellular changes occur during behavioural switching?

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 6. Many neurones in the Aplysia abdominal ganglion are active during the gill-withdrawal reflex

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Optical recording methods

6.3. Recording from the Aplysia abdominal ganglion during the gill-withdrawal reflex

6.4. Discussion

6.5. Difficulties and future directions

Acknowledgements

References

Part II: Distributed neural networks and motor programme selection

Chapter 7. Mechanisms of motor pattern switching in crickets: stridulation and flight

7.1. Introduction

7.2. The neuromuscular organisation of the forewing (mesothoracic) segment

7.3. Stridulation: switching between chirp and trill

7.4. Switching between stridulation and flight

7.5. Conclusions — comparison of the switching patterns

7.6. Summary

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 8. Neural circuits for speed change in swimming fish

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Swimming patterns and their muscular basis

8.3. Muscle fibre innervation and motoneuronal organisation

8.4. The role of the spinal cord in movement

8.5. Sensory control of movement

8.6. Descending control of locomotion

8.7. Control of descending systems

8.8. Concluding remarks

References

Chapter 9. Decision-making in the insect nervous system: a model for selection and maintenance of motor programmes

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Organisation of motor behaviour

9.3. Walking

9.4. Flight

9.5. General principles which can be derived from walking and flight

9.6. The model

9.7. Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 10. Making behavioural choices with interneurones in a distributed system

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Local bending in the medicinal leech

10.3. Neural network models of local bending

10.4. The shortening response

10.5. Conclusions about behavioural choice in a distributed neuronal circuit

References

Part III: Selection of directed movements

Chapter 11. Control of goal-directed limb movements in primates: neurobiological evidence for parallel, distributed motor processing

11.1. The problem of motor control

11.2. Concept of motor programmes

11.3. Parallel distributed processing

11.4. Motor equivalence

11.5. Neural representations of movement direction vs muscle pattern

11.6. Neural representations of the target or goal of a movement

11.7. Neurophysiological evidence for parallel, distributed motor processing

11.8. Summary and conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 12. Premotor systems, attention to action and behavioural choice

12.1. Internal and external sources of constraint in motor performance

12.2. The premotor concept

12.3. The dual premotor systems hypothesis

12.4. Recent evidence supporting the dual premotor systems hypothesis

12.5. The alien hand sign as a consequence of medial premotor system dysfunction

12.6. Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 13. Directed movement in the frog: motor choice, spatial representation, free will?

13.1. Introduction

13.2. From the reflex frog to activity-gated divergence: of choices and choice

13.3. An intermediate spatial representation: gestalts and choices

13.4. Motor equivalence and internal feedback: on the road to free will?

13.5. Epilogue: the frog and beyond

Acknowledgements

References

Part IV: Epilogue

Chapter 14. Epilogue Deciding what to do next

14.1. What have we learned about the selection of behaviour?

14.2. Principles of organisation

14.3. Where does this lead?

Index

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