Chapter
Japanese women’s language
Japanese women’s language
Women’s language as the norm
Women’s language as the norm
Women’s language as knowledge
Women’s language as knowledge
Women’s language as value
Women’s language as value
Women’s language in previous studies
Women’s language in previous studies
Historical-discourse approach
Historical-discourse approach
Women’s language as an ideological construct
Women’s language as an ideological construct
Part 1. Women’s speech as the object of regulation
Part 1. Women’s speech as the object of regulation
Chapter 1. The norms of feminine speech
Chapter 1. The norms of feminine speech
The Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1185–1573)
The Kamakura and Muromachi periods (1185–1573)
The Edo period (1603–1868)
The Edo period (1603–1868)
Association with femininity
Association with femininity
Chapter 2. Normalization of court-women’s speech
Chapter 2. Normalization of court-women’s speech
From the symbol of upper class to the norm of women
From the symbol of upper class to the norm of women
Speech of the upper class
Speech of the upper class
Men’s use of court-women’s speech
Men’s use of court-women’s speech
The normalization of court-women’s speech
The normalization of court-women’s speech
Part 2. Gender and national language
Part 2. Gender and national language
Linguistic gender differences in the unification dispute
Linguistic gender differences in the unification dispute
The creation of a men’s national language
The creation of a men’s national language
Chapter 4. Modernization of the norms of feminine speech
Chapter 4. Modernization of the norms of feminine speech
Reproduction of the premodern norms of feminine speech
Reproduction of the premodern norms of feminine speech
Logic of the modern conduct books
Logic of the modern conduct books
Logic of the school moral textbooks
Logic of the school moral textbooks
Chapter 5. Creating indexicality
Chapter 5. Creating indexicality
Changing attire of female students
Changing attire of female students
Construction of schoolgirl speech
Construction of schoolgirl speech
Gender-differentiation: Denial of schoolboy speech
Gender-differentiation: Denial of schoolboy speech
Selection: choosing “Teyo dawa speech” and western words
Selection: choosing “Teyo dawa speech” and western words
Derogation: Frivolous students
Derogation: Frivolous students
Sexualization: From “teyo dawa speech” to schoolgirl speech
Sexualization: From “teyo dawa speech” to schoolgirl speech
Dilemma of sexuality: Schoolgirl speech revised
Dilemma of sexuality: Schoolgirl speech revised
Chapter 6. Masculinizing the national language
Chapter 6. Masculinizing the national language
Grammar textbooks and school readers as metalinguistic practices
Grammar textbooks and school readers as metalinguistic practices
Gender and linguistic features of Japanese national language
Gender and linguistic features of Japanese national language
Excluding features by associating them with women
Excluding features by associating them with women
Schoolboy features into the Japanese national language
Schoolboy features into the Japanese national language
Part 3. Women’s language into national language
Part 3. Women’s language into national language
Chapter 7. Women’s language as imperial tradition
Chapter 7. Women’s language as imperial tradition
Japanese language in the Asian colonies
Japanese language in the Asian colonies
Women’s language in the war period
Women’s language in the war period
Women’s language as Japanese imperial tradition
Women’s language as Japanese imperial tradition
Women’s language as a symbol of Japanese superiority
Women’s language as a symbol of Japanese superiority
Female citizens as protectors of the national language
Female citizens as protectors of the national language
Chapter 8. Gendering of the national language under national mobilization
Chapter 8. Gendering of the national language under national mobilization
Women’s roles in national mobilization
Women’s roles in national mobilization
Gender in academic discourse
Gender in academic discourse
Locating women’s language at the margin of standard Japanese
Locating women’s language at the margin of standard Japanese
Gendering the national language
Gendering the national language
Teaching gender differences in national language readers
Teaching gender differences in national language readers
Part 4. Essentializing women’s language
Part 4. Essentializing women’s language
Chapter 9. Women’s language as reflection of femininity
Chapter 9. Women’s language as reflection of femininity
Discursive conflict over women’s language
Discursive conflict over women’s language
Essetialization of women’s langauge
Essetialization of women’s langauge
Chapter 10. A gendered Japanese national language
Chapter 10. A gendered Japanese national language
Language education and linguists under the U.S. Occupation
Language education and linguists under the U.S. Occupation
Grammar textbooks during the Occupation period
Grammar textbooks during the Occupation period
Preservation of a gendered national language
Preservation of a gendered national language
The separation of women’s language from the imperial tradition
The separation of women’s language from the imperial tradition
School readers during the Occupation period
School readers during the Occupation period
Gender, Language and Ideology
：A genealogy of Japanese women's language
( Discourse Approaches to Politics, Society and Culture )
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