Chapter
Chapter 3: Civil Wars in International Relations: Patterns, Consequences, and Conditions of Termination
Conflict in the Post Cold War Era
Characteristics of Internationalized Civil Wars
Parties and Issues in InternationALIZED Civil Wars
Terminating Internationalized Civil Wars
Breaking or Overcoming Deadlocks in Civil Wars
Mediation Success in Civil Wars
Leadership Change and Civil Wars
Chapter 4: Irregular Warfare
Types of Irregular Warfare
Wars of National Liberation
The Historical Character of Irregular Warfare
Irregular Wars in the 20th Century
The Local Terrorism of the Past
The Advent of International Terrorism
Terrorism after 11. September
The Frequency of Conflict/War
The Intensity and Battle Deaths
Which States Fight, and Where?
Why Do States Use Military Force?
War Over Territory or Government?
Sovereignty and Humanitarian Interventions
How Do States Use Military Force?
Chapter 6: Cain’s Choice: Causes of One-Sided Violence against Civilians
Strategic Explanations of Genocides and other Forms of One-Sided Violence
Balance of Power-Explanations
Reciprocity, Institutions, and Identity
International Interventions
Explanations of Intervention Effectiveness
II. Cultural Factors and Conflict
Chapter 7: Ethnicity Matters, but What Kind? A Review of the Quantitative Literature of Ethnicity and Conflict
The Ethnicity-Conflict Nexus in Theory
Primordialists, Instrumentalists, and Constructivists
The Ethnicity-Conflict Nexus in Large-N Studies
Reynal-Querol’s (2002) Study
Collier and Hoeffler’s (2004) Study
Fearon and Laitin’s (2003) Study
Cederman and Girardin’s (2007) Study
Fearon, Kasara, and Laitin’s (2007) Study
Cederman, Buhaug, and Girardin’s (2009) Study
Cederman, Wimmer, and Min’s (2010) Study
Why the Different Conclusions?
Chapter 8: Macro- and Micro-Level Theories of Violence in Ethnic and Non-Ethnic Civil Wars
Macro-level Theories: Violence in Non-ethnic Civil Wars
Macro-Level Theories: Violence in Ethnic Civil Wars
Micro-Level Theories: Violence in Non-Ethnic Civil Wars
Micro-Level Theories: Violence in Ethnic Civil Wars
Chapter 9: Civilizations: Value Differences and Conflict(
The Civilization Paradigm
Testing the Clash of Civilizations Thesis
III. Development, Resources and Trade
Chapter 10: Globalization and Insurgent Financing
Political Opportunity Structures
Transnational Opportunity Structures
Globalization and Transnational Opportunity
External Financing of Civil War
Transnational Support Structures
Territoriality and Support: The Non-Territorial Bandit
Chapter 11: Economic Policies and Armed Conflict: The Promise of Globalization
Liberalism and International Peace
Liberalism and Domestic Peace
A Capitalist Civil Peace: An Opportunity Model
A Note on Method, Models, and Data
Economic Freedom and Political Repression of Dissent
Chapter 12: Political Institutions and Internal Armed Conflict: A Review
Theoretical Foundations: Grievances, Opportunity and Commitment Problems
A Democratic Civil Peace? Regime Type and Internal Armed Conflict
3.1. The Level of Democracy
3.2. Political Transitions: The Dangers of Democratization
4. Peace by Design? Power-Sharing Institutions
6. The Deep Structure Approach: The Theory of Open-Access Orders
Chapter 13: Diasporas and Civil War
Understanding the Conceptual Landscape
Diasporas in the Civil War Literature
Key Claims Linking Diasporas to Civil Wars
Multidisciplinary Review of the Evidence
Social and Cultural Impact
Chapter 14: Adding Fuel to the Flames? Multinational Companies Operating in Zones of Conflict
Multinational Companies and International Conflict: The Scramble for Natural Resources
International Relations Theory: The Goals of States, and Interstate Conflict
The Interplay between Natural Resources, Multinational Companies, and Interstate Conflict
Case Examples: The South China Sea and the Caspian Sea
Multinational Companies and Intrastate Conflict: The Grievance Explanation
The Grievance Explanation of Intrastate Armed Conflict
The Interplay between Grievances, Multinational Companies, and Intrastate Conflict
Case Examples: Sudan and Nigeria
Multinational Companies and Intrastate Conflict: The Greed Explanation
The Greed Explanation of Intrastate Armed Conflict
The Interplay between Greed, Natural Resources, Multinational Companies, and Intrastate Conflict
Case Examples: Colombia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Chapter 15: Geography and War: Avoiding the Curse of High Geopolitics
Introduction: How to Misunderstand Geography and War
The Relationship between Humans,
Their Surroundings, and War
Humans and Their Environment: The Case of
Montesquieu and the Frozen Sheep's Tongue
"Either the Defeat of Geography
or the Utter Disregard of It"
How to Understand Geography and
War (and Thereby Do Something Useful)
Climate Change and the Inevitability of
Climate Wars: Hot Wars after the Cold War?
Fruit-Loops: "Apocalyptic Geopolitics"
Anti-Geopolitics/Subaltern
Geopolitics/Alter-Geopolitics
Chapter 16: Civil War and the Transnational Diffusion of Violence
Diffusion As a Determinant of Civil War
The Risk of Diffusion As Predictor
A Statistical Representation of the Risk of Diffusion
Domestic Sources of Civil War
Hostility Diffusion As a Source of Civil War
Analysis: Generating Infection Risk
Weaknesses and Strengths of the Infection Risk Measure
Opportunities for Future Research on Collective Violence
Chapter 17: Cursed by Resources? High-Value Natural Resources and Armed Civil Conflict
High-Value Resources and Conflict: Some Evidence
Resource Curse: Mechanisms
The Indirect Route: Economic,
Institutional, and Political Decline
Peace Building and High-Value Resources: Some Policy Implications
Chapter 18: Modern Conflicts: World System and Wars in Three Different Military Eras
The Multipolar Era (1815-1945)
The Bipolar Era (1945-89)
The Unipolar Era (1989-Present)
Unipolar Conflicts and US Intervention
Chapter 19: Issues and Conflict
Early Work on Contentious Issues
Huth and Allee’s Territorial Dispute Dataset
The Issue Correlates of War Issue Claims Dataset
Empirical Findings on Issues and Conflict
Extending the Issues Approach
Institutions and Conflict Management
Issues in Intrastate Conflict
Chapter 20: The Rivalry Approach to Conflict: Great Promises and Potential Problems
Two Approaches to Identifying Rivalries: Dispute Density Versus Strategic Rivalry
Rivalries and the Democratic Peace
Criticism and Important Challenges
Chapter 21: Norway and the 2005 Elektron Affair: Conflict of Competencies, and Competent Realpolitik
Theory Basis and Applications
Empirical Mapping and Sub-Analyses
Action Phase 1: Why Did the Norwegian Authorities Place the Elektron under Arrest?
Investigative Routines as Conditions for Action (H4)
Importance of Institutional Actor Interests (H5)
Phase 2: Why Was the Fleeing Elektron Not Stopped?
Fears of Russian Military Reactions (H6)
Testing Russian Will Concerning Legal Enforcement of Fishery Regulations (H7)
Inside–out Explanations: The Role of the MFA (H9), and the Coast Guard’s Decision-Making Structure (H8) and Security Routines (H10)
War: An Introduction to Theories and Research on Collective Violence, 2nd Edition
( Defense, Security and Strategies )
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