MEXICO IN FOCUS: POLITICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

MEXICO IN FOCUS: POLITICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Environment

Chapter 1 Energy, Environment, and Society in the Basin of Mexico until the Nineteenth Century

Abstract

Introduction

From 10,000 BCE to 1519

From 1519 to the Mid-Nineteenth Century

The Basin of Mexico in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century

The Lakes

The Alluvial Plains

The Piedmont and the Sierras

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2: A Tale of Two Valleys: An Examination of the Hydrological Union of the Mezquital Valley and the Basin of Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

Part I: The Background and Creation

of the Hydrological Union

Formation of the Basin of Mexico

Formation of the Mezquital Valley and Its Consequences

The Mezquital before the Hydrological Union

Mexico City, Desagüe, and the Gran Canal

Part II. Poor Mezquital, So Far From God, So Close

to Mexico City? The Creation and Promise of the Hydrological Union

Wastewater Irrigation in the Mezquital from the Opening of the Gran Canal to the 1990s

Rapid Growth in Tandem: The Mezquital and Mexico City, 1950-1990

Part III. The Hydrological Union at Present

The Water Infrastructure of the Union: Supply and Distribution

in Mexico City

The Wastewater Economy of the Mezquital

Ecological Consequences of a Century of Wastewater Use

The Domestic Stream

The Industrial Stream

Effects on Crops and Consumers

Effects on Groundwater

Part IV. Hacia El Futuro: A Deepening

of the Hydrological Union

Conclusion

References

Archives

Secondary Literature

Newspaper Articles

Chapter 3: Conservation Challenges in Mexico: Developing a Protection Strategy for the Threatened Sand Dunes of Coauhila’s La Laguna

Abstract

Introduction

Sand Dunes in the Spotlight

Defining the Ecosystem

Site-Specific Ecosystem Processes

Stressors to Ecosystem Processes

Conservation Strategies for la Laguna Sand Dunes

The Lizard Community as a Conservation Umbrella

An Example of Ongoing Conservation in a Similar Ecosystem: The Coachella Valley, USA

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4: An Analytical Retrospective of Mexico for a Sustainable Future

Abstract

Environmental Studies

A Retrospective View of Mexico and Its Environment

The Effect of Pollution on Mental and Physical Health

A Strong Call for New Thinking

Conclusion

References

Other References

Chapter 5: Estuarine and Coastal Fishes from Yucatan Peninsula: Diversity and Ecology

Abstract

Introduction

Material and Methods

Study Area

Biosphere Reserves

Celestun Lagoon

Ria Lagartos Lagoon

Protected Areas

Bocas de Dzilam

El Palmar

Unprotected Zone

Coastal Zone

Chelem Lagoon

Rosada Lagoon

Sampling and Laboratory Procedures

Data Analysis

Results

Environmental Parameters

Fish Composition

Fish Structure and Assemblages

Discussion

Environmental Parameters

Fish Structure and Assemblages

Conservation Statements

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6: Pushing Mexico to a Recycling Culture

Abstract

Introduction

Municipal Solid Waste and Recycling in Mexico

Recycling Efforts in Mexico

Efforts from Government Sector

Private Recycling Initiatives

Civil Organizations

Research and Development

Mexicans against Recycling

How willing are Mexicans to Recycle?

Attempts for Introducing Recycling Practices

Pickers Case

Recycling and Sustainable Development in Mexico

Change Proposal in Legislation

Including Recyclers in Society

Education

Conclusion

References

Chapter 7: Land, Forest, and Pueblos in the Meseta Purépecha, 1869-1911

Abstract

Introduction

The Meseta and its Pueblos during Nineteenth Century

The First Reparto and Its Consequences

The Second Reparto and the Final Transformation of Pueblos

Conclusion

References

Social

Chapter 8: The Impact of Labor Regulation and Movements on the Mexican Industry: The Case of a Textile Mill in Central Mexico in the Twentieth Century

Abstract

Introduction

La Magdalena

Antecedents and Evolution of the Labor Movement in La Magdalena

The Effect of Labor Militancy in La Magdalena

The 1925–1927 Convention

The Effects After the 1920s Decade

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9: “Clubismo” in Post-Revolutionary Mexico: An overview of the emergence of service and social clubs in Puebla and Tijuana, 1920-1960

Abstract

Introduction

The Roots of Modern Clubismo

The Proliferation of Modern Clubs

Social Clubs

Service Clubs

Membership in the Rotary Club of Puebla

Conclusion

References

Archives

Periodical Sources

Printed Sources

Chapter 10: A Universal Social Protection System: n Instrument of Public Policy to Reach Greater Social Mobility in Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

Social Mobility, Social Protection and Inequality

Social Mobility

Social Protection

Mobility and Inequality

Data Sources and Methods to Measure Social Mobility

Data Sources

Method to Measure Social Mobility

Social Mobility in Mexico

Results for the Extremes of the Socioeconomic Distribution

Mexico’s Social Mobility in the International Context

Social Protection: Vulnerability Due to Social Condition of Origin

System of Social Protection and Possible Implications

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: Old-Age Income Protection in Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

Demographic Shift and Older Adults

Contributory Pension Programs

Transfer Programs

The Problem of Low Coverage

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12: The Origin of the National Human Rights Commission in 1990 within the Latin American democratization process: Institution of the Mexican Society or of the Mexican State?

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

THE NHRC AS A CONSEQUENCE TO THE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL NEEDS OF AN UNLEGITIMIZED GOVERNMENT

THE NHRC'S FIRST PHASE AS AN UN-CENTRALIZED ORGANISM(1990-1992)

THE NHRC'S SECOND PHASE AS A DE-CENTRALIZED ORGANISM(1992-1999)

NHRC'S THIRD PHASE AS AN AUTONOMOUS CONSTITUTIONALORGANISM (1999 TO DATE)

THE NHRC'S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

FIRST GENERAL INSPECTION OFFICE

SECOND GENERAL INSPECTION OFFICE

THIRD GENERAL INSPECTION OFFICE

FOURTH GENERAL INSPECTION OFFICE

FIFTH GENERAL INSPECTION OFFICE

SIXTH GENERAL INSPECTION OFFICE

RECENT CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS

AMPARO TRIAL (JUICIO DE AMPARO)

THE NHRC’S CURRENT REALITY

REFERENCES

Chapter 13: El Agua de la Revolución: The Historical Evolution and Devolution of a Socio-Environmental Right in Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

The Making of a Mexican Juridical Framework on Water

Si la Nación es la Revolución, el Agua de la Nación es de la Revolución

Using and Conserving El Agua de la Revolución

Conclusion

References

Political

Chapter 14: The Return of the PRI and the Future of Democracy in Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

Foundations and Crisis of the Mexican Authoritarian Regime

The Mexican Transition to Democracy

The 2006 Political Crisis: Obstacles to Consolidation

Civil Society in the Time of Political Transition

The Failure of the PAN Governments

The Presidential Elections of 2012.

Restoration? The new Government and the Reconstruction of Presidential Rule

Conclusion

References

Chapter 15: The Evolution of the Legislative Output of Mexican Presidents under Divided Government: The Case of Felipe Calderón (2006-2012)

Abstract

Introduction

1. The Transformation of the PRI Regime: From Total Dominance to Plurality in Congress

The PRI Dominance and its Gradual Demise

Divided Governments with Ernesto Zedillo and Vicente Fox: The Declining Centrality of the President in the Legislative Process

2. The Period of Felipe Calderón (2006-2012)

Legislative Output of the Period in Comparative Perspective

An assessment of the Legislation Proposed by Felipe Calderón

Electoral Incentives As a Factor of Complication for the President

Conclusion

References

Chapter 16: The Legacies of Authoritarianism: Opposition Parties and Their Electoral Strategies in Mexico

Abstract

Introduction

Political Parties and their Electoral Strategies

Opposition Party Formation in Authoritarian Mexico

Adaptation to a Competitive Electoral Setting: Opposition Parties in the 1900s

Empirical Evidence: Opposition Parties’ Electoral Strategies at the Municipal Level

Data

Econometric Models

Discussion of Results

Conclusion

References

Appendix

Chapter 17: Mexican Democracy’s Awkward Partner: Televisa as a de facto Power

Abstract

Introduction: Mexico’s Fifth Estate

Televisa and President Fox

Televisa and President Calderón

Televisa and the Business of Entertainment

Peña Nieto and the Prospects for Reform

References

Index

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