Repatriation of Indian Human Remains: Efforts of the Smithsonian Institution ( Anthropology Research and Developments )

Publication series :Anthropology Research and Developments

Author: Laurent B. Daville  

Publisher: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.‎

Publication year: 2016

E-ISBN: 9781626182592

Subject: C912.4 cultural anthropology, social anthropology;K7 Americas History;Q983 physique anthropology

Keyword: 文化人类学、社会人类学,体质人类学,美洲史

Language: ENG

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Repatriation of Indian Human Remains: Efforts of the Smithsonian Institution

Chapter

BACKGROUND

Museum Missions and Repatriation Offices

NAGPRA Requirements and How They Differ from Those of the NMAI Act

Special Committee Requirements under the NMAI Act

Board of Trustees’ Authority Established by the NMAI Act

SINCE 1989, THE SMITHSONIAN HAS PREPARED REQUIRED SUMMARIES AND INVENTORIES AND HAS OFFERED TO REPATRIATE ABOUT ONE-THIRD OF ITS INDIAN HUMAN REMAINS

Both Museums Generally Prepared Required Documents on Time, but Inventories Raise Questions about Compliance with the NMAI Act

Smithsonian’s Progress in Offering Human Remains and Objects for Repatriation Has Been Slow

The Smithsonian Identified Challenges to Meeting Its Repatriation Requirements

THE REVIEW COMMITTEE’S OVERSIGHT AND REPORTING ARE LIMITED, AND IT FACES SOME CHALLENGES TO FULFILLING ITS REQUIREMENTS

Contrary to the NMAI Act, the Review Committee Only Monitors the Repatriation Activities of the Natural History Museum

The Review Committee Monitors the Natural History Museum but Does Not Report to Congress

The Review Committee Has Heard Few Disputes, and No Independent Appeals Process Exists for Smithsonian Decisions

The Review Committee Identified Challenges It Faces

MOST HUMAN REMAINS AND MANY OBJECTS OFFERED FOR REPATRIATION HAVE BEEN REPATRIATED, BUT THE SMITHSONIAN HAS NO POLICY ON CULTURALLY UNIDENTIFIABLE ITEMS

The Smithsonian Estimates That It Has Repatriated About 4,330 Indian Human Remains and About 100,700 Objects

Items Have Not Been Repatriated for a Variety of Reasons

The Smithsonian’s Repatriation Policies Do Not Discuss How toHandle Culturally Unidentifiable Items

CONCLUSION

MATTER FOR CONGRESSIONAL CONSIDERATION

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION

AGENCY COMMENTS

APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY

APPENDIX II: PROCESSING TIMES FOR REPATRIATION CASE REPORTS

Overall Time Frames for Completing Case Reports and Factors Affecting the Time Frames

Specific Details on the Processing Times for Repatriation Case Reports

APPENDIX III: COMMENTS FROM THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

End Notes

End Notes for Appemdix I

End Notes for Appendix II

Chapter 2: INDIAN ISSUES: KEY FEDERAL AGENCIES' AND THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION'S EFFORTS TO IDENTIFY AND REPATRIATE INDIAN HUMAN REMAINS AND OBJECTS. STATEMENT OF ANU K.MITTAL, DIRECTOR, NATURAL RESOURCES AN ENVIRONMENT, GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE. HEARING ON ''FINDING OUR WAY HOME: ACHIEVING THE POLICY GOALS OF NAGPRA''

WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY

WHAT GAO FOUND

BACKGROUND

NAGPRA Requirements

NMAI Act Requirements

AFTER ALMOST 20 YEARS, KEY FEDERAL AGENCIES STILL HAVE NOT FULLY COMPLIED WITH NAGPRA

Key Federal Agencies Have Not Fully Complied with NAGPRA for Their Historical Collections

The NAGPRA Review Committee Has Monitored Compliance with NAGPRA Implementation and Made Recommendations with Mixed Success

National NAGPRA Has, in Some Cases, Not Effectively Carried out Its Responsibilities

Repatriations Are Not Tracked or Reported Governmentwide, but According to Data Collected by GAO, Many NAGPRA Items Have Been Repatriated

THE SMITHSONIAN STILL HAS MUCH WORK TO DO TO IDENTIFY AND REPATRIATE INDIAN HUMAN REMAINS AND OBJECTS

Since 1989, the Smithsonian Has Prepared Required Summaries and Inventories and Has Offered to Repatriate about One-Third of Its Indian Human Remains

The Smithsonian Review Committee’s Oversight and Reporting Are Limited

Most Human Remains and Many Objects Offered for Repatriation Have Been Repatriated, but the Smithsonian Has No Policy on Culturally Unidentifiable Items

End Notes

Chapter 3: TESTIMONY OF KEVIN GOVER, DIRECTOR, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN. HEARING ON ''FINDING OUR WAY HOME:ACHIEVING THE POLICY GOALS OF NAGPRA''

INDEX

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