Chapter
Credit Risks and Loan Repayment
Statutory and Policy Requirements
Ex-Im Bank Role in Federal Government Efforts to Promote Exports
THE EX-IM BANK IN AN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
International Export Credit Activity
International Rules on Official Export Credit Activity
Unregulated Official ECA Activity
U.S. Response to “Noncompetitive” Financing
SELECTED ISSUES FOR CONGRESS
“Corporate Welfare” Debate
Congressional Directives to Support Specific Sectors
International Competitiveness of the Ex-Im Bank
Chapter 2 REAUTHORIZATION OF THE EXPORT-IMPORT BANK: ISSUES AND POLICY OPTIONS FOR CONGRESS*
Overview of the Ex-Im Bank
The Ex-Im Bank’s Role in Promoting U.S. Exports
International Export Credit Environment
Changing Composition of ECAs and Increasing Export Credit Competition
Growth in Publicly Backed Export Credit Support
Limit on Outstanding Aggregate Credit and Insurance Authority
Support for Services Exports
Economic and Environmental Impact Analysis
Congressional Mandates on Targeting Ex-Im Bank Activity to Specific Sectors
POTENTIAL OPTIONS FOR CONGRESS
Structure of the Ex-Im Bank
Reorganize the Functions of the Bank
Privatize the Functions of the Bank
Terminate the Bank’s Authority
Length of Reauthorization
The Ex-Im Bank’s Policies
Revise the Ex-Im Bank’s Policies
Global Competitiveness Issues
Strengthen International Disciplines Guiding Official Export Credit Activity
Enhance Analysis and Understanding of Global Competitiveness Context
LEGISLATIVE ACTION IN THE 112TH CONGRESS
Chapter 3 U.S. EXPORT-IMPORT BANK: ACTIONS NEEDED TO PROMOTE COMPETITIVENESS AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION*
EX-IM DIFFERS FROM THE OTHER G-7 ECAS IN SEVERAL IMPORTANT WAYS, INCLUDING ITS EXPLICIT MISSION TO PROMOTE DOMESTIC EMPLOYMENT
ECAs Differ in Their Missions and Organization Types
Ex-Im and Other G-7 ECAs Offer Different Combinations of Export Credit Support Products
EX-IM HAS SPECIFIC MANDATES AND OPERATES UNDER MORE POLICY REQUIREMENTS THAN OTHER ECAS
Ex-Im Has Specific Mandates on Small Business and Environmentally Beneficial Exports where Other G-7 ECAs Have Broad Directives
Ex-Im Has Additional Mandates and Legal Requirements that Other ECAs Generally Do Not Have
EX-IM’S DOMESTIC CONTENT REQUIREMENTS ARE GENERALLY HIGHER AND LESS FLEXIBLE THAN THOSE OF OTHER ECAS
Ex-Im’s Current Policy Limits the Amount of Foreign Content in the Exports It Finances
Other ECAs Generally Have Lower and More Flexible Domestic Content Requirements than Ex-Im
While Ex-Im Has Modified Its Method for Calculating Domestic Content, Its Threshold for Receiving Full Financing Has Not Changed since 1987
Domestic Content of U.S. Exports Has Generally Declined and Varies across Sectors
Concerns about Ex-Im’s Content Policy Exist among Exporters and Lenders
Other ECAs Have Modified Their Domestic Content Policies to Reflect Changing Global Production Patterns
THE OECD ARRANGEMENT HAS DECREASED EXPORT CREDIT SUBSIDIES, BUT THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF NONMEMBERS THREATENS ITS FUTURE EFFECTIVENESS
The OECD Arrangement Has Expanded over Time to Regulate Additional Aspects of Official ECA Support
Export Credits from Countries Outside the OECD Arrangement Are Increasing
Engagement with China and Other Emerging Economies Presents Challenges for the OECD Arrangement
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION
AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION
APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY
The Export-Import Bank of the United States: Activities, Competitiveness and International Comparisons
( Banking and Banking Developments )
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