Chapter
INITIATIVES SUPPORTING DEPLOYMENT ACCOUNTED FOR MOST OBLIGATIONS AND TAX SUBSIDIES RELATED TO WIND
INITIATIVES WERE FRAGMENTED AND HAD OVERLAPPING CHARACTERISTICS WITH HALF REPORTING COORDINATION, BUT SEVERAL PROVIDED SOME DUPLICATIVE FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYMENT
Initiatives Were Fragmented and Most Had Broadly Overlapping Characteristics
About Half the Initiatives Reported Formally Coordinating, in Some Cases Employing Key Practices for Enhancing and Sustaining Agency Collaboration
Several Initiatives That Financed Deployment of Wind Facilities Have Provided Some Duplicative Financial Support
AGENCIES SUPPORT PROJECTS ON THE BASIS OF INITIATIVES’ GOALS OR ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, BUT THE EXTENT TO WHICH AGENCIES ASSESS APPLICANT NEED IS UNCLEAR
DOE and USDA Allocate Support to Projects Based on Initiative Goals and Other Criteria while Treasury Supports Projects Based on Eligibility under the Tax Code
It Is Unclear to What Extent Agencies Assess Applicant Need for the Financial Support of Their Initiatives Because We Found Such Assessments Are Not Documented
RECOMMENDATION FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION
AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION
APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY
APPENDIX II: FEDERAL WIND-RELATED INITIATIVES
APPENDIX III: ESTIMATED REVENUE LOSSES FOR TREASURY’S WIND-RELATED TAX EXPENDITURES
APPENDIX IV: GAO’S QUESTIONNAIRE FOR FEDERAL AGENCIES WITH WIND-RELATED INITIATIVES
End Notes for Appendix III
Chapter 2 U.S. WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURING: FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR AN EMERGING INDUSTRY*
WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURING
Demand for Wind Turbines and Components
International Manufacturers Dominate Wind Turbine Manufacturing
U.S. Market Attracts More Foreign Wind Turbine Manufacturers
WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS, RAW MATERIALS, GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN, AND U.S. MANUFACTURING CAPACITY
Global Wind Turbine Assembly Supply Chain
Tier 1 and Tier 2 Wind Turbine Component Suppliers
U.S. Wind Turbine Manufacturing Facilities
Other Wind Turbine Components
An Emerging U.S. Wind Manufacturing Corridor
U.S. Wind Turbine Manufacturing Employment
WIND TURBINE EQUIPMENT TRADE
FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR THE U.S. WIND POWER INDUSTRY
Production Tax Credit (PTC)/Investment Tax Credit (ITC)
Advanced Energy Manufacturing Tax Credit (MTC)
Other Wind-Related Programs
State Renewable Portfolio Standards
APPENDIX A. GLOBAL WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS
APPENDIX B. SELECTED EXAMPLES OF U.S. WIND TURBINE PRODUCTION FACILITIES
APPENDIX C. 48C MANUFACTURING TAX CREDIT
Wind Energy: Federal Initiatives and Effective Financial Support
( Energy Science, Engineering and Technology )
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