Contents

Foreword

Series Editor Preface

Acknowledgements

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Acronyms

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Regulatory Challenge

1.2 Contribution of International Shipping to Greenhouse Gas Emissions

1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.4 Scope of the Book and Chapter Outline

CHAPTER 2 International Environmental Law Responsibility and its Application to the Issue of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Jurisdiction over Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

2.3 Environmental Liability for Transboundary Harm Caused by Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

2.4 The Precautionary Principle and Its Application to the Issue of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

2.5 ‘Common but Differentiated Responsibility’ and ‘No More Favourable Treatment’

2.6 The Polluter-Pays Principle and Its Application to the Issue of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

2.7 Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 The UN Response to the Issue of Greenhouse GasEmissions from International Shipping

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The UN Institutional Responses

3.3 International Legal Framework on Climate Change

3.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 The IMO Response to the Issue of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The IMO’s Mandate and Competence to Regulate Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

4.3 The IMO Greenhouse Gas Emissions Regime

4.4 Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 Response from the Shipping Industry to the Issue of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Response from International and Regional Shipping Organisations

5.3 Response from the Shipping Industry in the UNFCCC Annex I States

5.4 Response from the Shipping Industry in the UNFCCC Non-Annex IStates

5.5 Conclusion

CHAPTER 6 Response from Flag States and Port States to the Issue of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from International Shipping

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Flag State Control and the Issue of ‘Flags of Convenience’

6.3 Response from Main Flag States

6.4 Port State Control

6.5 Response from Global and Regional Port States Organisations

6.6 Response from Main Port States

6.7 Conclusion

CHAPTER 7 The Future Development of Legal and Institutional Frameworks to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissionsfrom International Shipping

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Influence and Interaction of Various Stakeholders in Regulating and Implementing GHG Emissions from International Shipping

7.3 Formation of the International Regulatory Framework for Reducing GHG Emissions from International Shipping

7.4 Deficiencies in Adopted Energy Efficiency Measures and Approaches for Their Future Improvement

7.5 Analysis of Necessity and Feasibility of Adopting a Market-Based Measure

7.6 Institutional Fragmentation, Imbalance of Interests, and Proposed Reforms

7.7 Conclusion

CHAPTER 8 Conclusion

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Applicable International Environmental Law Principles

8.3 Findings on Main Stakeholders in GHG Emissions from International Shipping

8.4 Gaps and Gap-Filling Recommendations

Bibliography

1 Articles/Books/Reports

2 Cases

3 Legislation

4 Treaties

5 Other

Index