Non-finite Complementation

Contents

Acknowledgements

Preface

1 The purpose and scope of the study

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Why a usage-based study?

1.3 The form of a usage-based study

1.4 Schemas and Constructions

1.5 The scope of the study

1.5.1 The constructions investigated

1.5.2 The Corpus

1.6 The content and organisation of the chapters

2 Classification of the constructions

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Classification according to the semantics of the matrix verbs

2.2.1 Matrix verbs in different-subject constructions

2.2.2 Matrix verbs in same-subject constructions

2.2.3 Different-subject and same-subject constructions compared

2.3 Classification in terms of TAM relations between matrix verb and complement situation

3 Earlier Studies

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Specific versus general

3.3 Factive versus non-factive

3.4 Non-fulfilment versus fulfilment

3.5 Referring versus non-referring

3.6 Future versus actual

3.7 Future versus interior

3.8 Less immediate versus more immediate

3.9 Holistic construal versus immediate scope

3.10 Conceptual distance versus conceptual overlap

3.11 Summary

4 Complement Types and Complementisers

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The bare infinitive

4.3 The to infinitive

4.3.1 The to infinitive in complement constructions

4.3.2 The to infinitive as subject and adverbial

4.3.3 Weaknesses of the targeted alternative approach

4.4 The -ing form

4.4.1 The -ing form in complement constructions

4.4.1.1 Comparison with the progressive

4.4.1.2 -ing complements encoding activities

4.4.1.3 -ing complements encoding accomplishments

4.4.1.4 -ing complements encoding states

4.4.1.5 -ing complements encoding achievements

4.4.1.6 Prototypical characteristics of the -ing complement

4.4.1.7 The schematic meaning of the -ing form

4.4.2 The -ing form as subject and adverbial

4.4.3 The -ing complement form: a summary

4.5 The to -ing form

4.6 The four complement forms compared

5 Constructions in contrast: Same-time constructions

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Bare infinitive and -ing complements with Perception verbs

5.3 Same-time bare infinitive and -ing versus Judgement to infinitive

5.4 Same-time -ing versus Forward-looking to infinitive

5.5 Same-time -ing versus General to infinitive

5.5.1 Positive Attitude constructions

5.5.2 Negative Attitude constructions

5.5.3 Comparative Attitude constructions

5.5.4 Summary of Attitude constructions

5.5.5 Aspect constructions

5.6 Same-time constructions: a summary

6 Constructions in contrast: Forward-looking constructions

6.1 Introduction

6.2 To infinitives versus bare infinitives

6.2.1 Communication constructions

6.2.2 Constructions containing help

6.2.3 Constructions containing let, allow and permit

6.2.3.1 Types of subject and TAM relations

6.2.3.2 Force dynamics

6.2.3.2.1 Tokens encoding permission

6.2.3.2.2 Tokens encoding prohibition

6.2.3.2.3 Why ‘allow S2 to infinitive’ but ‘let S2 bare infinitive’?

6.2.3.3 Let and allow: a summary

6.2.4 Constructions containing dare and need

6.2.5 To infinitives versus bare infinitives: a summary

6.3 To infinitive versus -ing complements

6.3.1 Mental Process constructions

6.3.2 Attitude constructions

6.3.3 Aspect constructions

6.3.4 To infinitive versus -ing clauses: a summary

6.4 Causation constructions

6.5 Forward-looking constructions: a summary

7 Constructions in contrast: Backward-looking constructions

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Mental Process constructions

7.3 Attitude constructions

7.4 Communication constructions

7.5 Aspect constructions

7.6 Backward-looking constructions: a summary

8 Summary and Conclusions

References

Appendices

Appendix 1 The Matrix verbs

Appendix 2 Tables

Appendix 3 List of technical terms

Index