Contents

Acknowledgements

List of Illustrations

List of Abbreviations

Introduction

Structure of the Book

Some Practical Points

Chapter 1 Utterance Act Linguistics (UAL)

Introduction

1 Short History and General Characteristics

1.1 Origins

2 UA Theories

2.1 The Theory of Utterance Act Operations (TOE)

2.2 Formal Utterance Act Theory (Jean-Pierre Desclés)

2.3 The Theory of Argumentation within Language (TAL)

2.4 The Utterance Act Theory of Focalisation (UATF)

2.5 Dialogism

2.6 Polyphony

3 Conceptual Background

3.1 Basic Concepts

3.2 Modular Linguistics

3.3 Meaning

3.4 What Kind of Semantics?

3.5 Interpretation Model

3.6 Ideal Discourse

4 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 2 Polyphony

Introduction

1 Polyphonic Music

2 Literary Polyphony

3 Discourse Polyphony

4 Linguistic Polyphony

4.1 Historical Tree

4.2 The Trunk: Oswald Ducrot (and Jean-Claude Anscombre)

4.3 The Argumentative Theory of Polyphony (TAP)

4.4 The Theory of Stereotypes

4.5 The Theory of Discourse Representation (TDR)

4.6 ScaPoLine

4.7 The Modal Theory of Polyphony (MTP)

5 Summary

Chapter 3 ScaPoLine: The Scandinavian Theory of Polyphony

Introduction

1 Background

1.1 Brief History

1.2 Basic Insight

2 Methodological Considerations

2.1 Research Object

2.2 Polyphonic Structure and Polyphonic Configuration

2.3 Method of Analysis

2.4 Recapitulation

3 The Configuration

4 The LOC

4.1 Deixis

4.2 Speaker Comments

4.3 Speech Acts

4.4 The Mimed LOC

5 Discourse Entities (DE)

5.1 First Person

5.2 Second Person

5.3 Third Person

5.4 Comments on the Classification

6 Points of View (POVs)

6.1 The Source

6.2 Judgement/Content

6.3 Basic POVs

6.4 Special POVs

6.5 Comments on the Classification

7 Utterance Links (LINKs)

7.1 Types

7.2 The Recursion Problem

7.3 LINKs vs Commitment

7.4 Comments on the Classification

8 Polyphonic Structure (p-structure)

8.1 Monophony

8.2 Internal Polyphony

8.3 External Polyphony

8.4 Mixed Polyphony

8.5 Citation

8.6 Recapitulation

9 Final Remarks

Chapter 4 Linguistic Analyses

Introduction

1 The Negation ne . . . pas

1.1 Pragmatic Meaning of Negation

1.2 Polyphonic Analysis

1.3 Triggers and Blockers

1.4 Conclusions

2 The Subjunctive Mood

3 Locutionary Modalities

3.1 Modal Sentence Adverbials

3.2 Peut-être

3.3 Conclusion

4 Evidentiality

4.1 Il paraît que and il semble que

4.2 Reportive Conditional

5 ‘Announcers’

5.1 Certes and Commitment/Taking-into-Account

5.2 Announcers and LINKs

6 Illocutionary Modalities

7 Connectors

7.1 Inference Rules and the Connector donc

7.2 Puisque

7.3 Topoi and the Connector mais

8 Syntactic Structure: Clefts

9 Combinations of Polyphonic Markers

10 Constructed Acts

11 Conclusions

Chapter 5 Text Analyses

Introduction

1 General Considerations

2 Extended ScaPoLine

2.1 First Step

2.2 Second Step

2.3 The Polyphonic Passage

2.4 Conclusions

3 Represented Discourse (RD)

3.1 General Characteristics of RD

3.2 The Four Prototypes

3.3 The Enunciative Functions

3.4 Enunciative Incorporation

3.5 Synoptic Table

3.6 Some Linguistic Characteristics of RD

3.7 The Syntactic Structure of RD

3.8 Expressions Conveying Shown Meaning (ECSM)

3.9 Deictic Expressions

3.10 Summary

4 Irony

5 Literary Text Analysis

5.1 Two Examples

5.2 Linguistic and Literary Polyphony

5.3 Can Linguistic Polyphony Analysis Support Literary Analysis?

5.4 Can (Polyphonic) Literary Analysis Enrich Linguistic Analysis?

6 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Linguistic Polyphony in a Broader Perspective

Introduction

1 A Modular Approach

2 Cross-Linguistic Studies

3 Polyphony and Cognition

4 Polyphony and Sociology

5 ‘Compound’ Disciplines

6 Conclusion

General Conclusions

Bibliography

Index of Names

Index of Topics