Contents

List of Illustrations

List of Abbreviations

Notes on Contributors

Part 1

Exercise of Violence

Introduction

Chapter 1

The Crusader Conquest of Jerusalem and Christ’s Cleansing of the Temple

Katherine Allen Smith

Chapter 2

Violent Hermeneutics of Sacred Space in Jewish and Christian Crusade Literature

Uri Shachar

Chapter 3

The Sack of Jerusalem in 1099 and Crusader Violence Viewed by Contemporary Chroniclers

Luigi Russo

Chapter 4

The Slaughter of the Innocents and the Depiction of Children in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Sources of the Crusades

Sini Kangas

Part 2

The Chronicles of the First Crusade

Chapter 5

Reading Raymond: The Bible of Le Puy, the Cathedral Library and the Literary Background of the Liber of Raymond of Aguilers

Thomas Lecaque

Chapter 6

‘Hoc enim non fuit humanum opus, sed divinum’: Robert the Monk’s Use of the Bible in the Historia Iherosolimitana

Carol Sweetenham

Chapter 7

Scriptural Allusion in the Crusading Accounts of Frutolf of Michelsberg and his Continuators

T. J. H. McCarthy

Part 3

Papal Correspondence and Crusade Propaganda

Chapter 8

The Use of the Bible in Twelfth-Century Papal Letters to Outremer

Miriam Rita Tessera

Chapter 9

The Use of the Bible in the Arengae of Pope Gregory IX’s Crusade Calls

Thomas W. Smith

Chapter 10

‘Until the Full Number of Gentiles Has Come In’: Exegesis and Prophecy in St Bernard’s Crusade-Related Writings

Kristin Skottki

Chapter 11

The Exegesis of Violence in the Crusade Writings of Ralph Niger and Peter of Blois

John D. Cotts

Part 4

James of Vitry

Chapter 12

Living in the Penultimate Age: Apocalyptic Thought in James of Vitry’s ad status Sermons

Lydia M. Walker

Chapter 13

Preaching and Narrating the Fifth Crusade: Bible, Sermons and the History of a Campaign

Jessalynn Bird

Chapter 14

‘Consenescentis mundi die vergente ad vesperam’: James of Vitry’s Historia Orientalis and Eschatological Rhetoric after the Fourth Lateran Council

Jan Vandeburie

Part 5

The Crusading Movement and the Crusader States

Chapter 15

Providential History in the Chronicles of the Baltic Crusades

Torben Kjersgaard Nielsen

Chapter 16

Walls of Defence for the House of Israel: Ezekiel 13:5 and the Crusading Movement

Nicholas Morton

Chapter 17

The Maccabees in the Lord’s Temple: Biblical Imagery and Latin Poetry in Frankish Jerusalem

Julian Yolles

Chapter 18

‘As it is Said in Scripture and in Law’: The Bible in the Crusader Legal System

Adam M. Bishop

Chapter 19

The ‘Holy Women’ in the Liturgy and Art of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Twelfth-Century Jerusalem

Iris Shagrir*

Select Bibliography

Index of Biblical Citations and References to Biblical Books

General Index