The dynamic blood–brain barrier

E-ISSN： 1742-4658|282|21|4067-4079

ISSN： 1742-464x

Source： FEBS JOURNAL (ELECTRONIC), Vol.282, Iss.21, 2015-11, pp. : 4067-4079

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Abstract

With the endothelium as its central unit, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a complex multicellular structure separating the central nervous system (CNS) from the systemic circulation. Disruption of the BBB has now been implicated in a multitude of acute and chronic CNS disorders indicating the potentially devastating effects of BBB breakdown on brain function. However, the healthy BBB is not an impermeable wall, but rather a communication ‘centre’, responding to and passing signals between the CNS and blood. New studies are identifying BBB‐specific transport pathways that tightly regulate the entry and exit of molecules to and from the brain. They are revealing a highly plastic barrier in which dynamic changes in BBB components like paracellular tight junction complexes can contribute to BBB maintenance. Here, we provide a succinct overview of the current state‐of‐play in BBB research and summarize novel findings into BBB regulation in homeostatic regulation of the brain.