Chapter
II. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF THINKING
A. Associationism and counter movements
11. The main traits of classical association theory
12. Relations are not reducible to images
13. Reproductions are not associative
14. ‘Atomism’ is not heuristically fertile
75. Associative models fail for directed thought
16. The subject carries out operations
B. The main features of the theory of Selz
17. Otto Selz and his conceptual model of directed thought
18. General linkings and the schematic anticipation
19. The most general solving methods
20. Combination and linking of solving methods
III. METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
22. Methods used by other investigators
23. Pros and cons of ‘thinking aloud’
24. Experimental versus real play situation
B. Description of the experiments
28. Instructions and experimental conditions
VI. THE EXTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE THOUGHT PROCESS
29. Introduction to the analytical part
A. The external phase structure
30. The protocol ( M2; B)
32. Alternation of elaborative phases
33. ‘Cumulative’ and ‘subsidiary’ linking
35. General protocol measures
36. Statistics of solving propositions
A. The systematic analysis of the problem structure
37. Interpretation of the elements of a protocol
38. Problem and goal-setting
39. The general problem structure of the process of chess thought
B. Typical subproblems in the thought process
40. Subproblems in the position investigation (first Phase)
41. Goals and problem formulations in the main part (in the investigation of possibilities)
42. Re-investigation of specific possibilities
43. The convergence to and the recapitulation of the argument (final Phase)
VI. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM
44. The solution process as development of the problem
45. Problem formation during the first Phase
46. The completion and enrichment of the total goal conception after the first Phase
47. Structural transformations in the argumentation
48. Transitional phases as phases of problem transformation
49. Types and examples of problem development
VII. THE ORGANIZATION AND METHODOLOGY OF THE THOUGHT PROCESS
A. The sequence of phases
50. The principle of interaction
51. The hierarchy of subsidiary methods
52. The method ofprogressive deepening and the scrapping of a possibility
53. The elaborative phases and their sequence
B. The methods of chess thinking
54. The most important methods as typical problem transformations
55. Methods peculiar to specific parts of the thought process
56. Trying out as a general method
57. Playing methods: the arsenal of the chess master
58. Reproductive factors in productive thinking: Knowledge and Experience
59. Individual differences in the system of methods
61. The first seconds: the perception of a new position
62. Specific traits of chess thinking
63. The character of game and player
64. The development of chess talent
65. Factors of chess talent
66. Extracurricular achievements of chessmasters
67. The use of introspective methods
68. On introspective techniques
69. Ambiguity and multifunctional operations
70. Remarks on chess playing programs
APPENDIX I: THE GAMES FROM WHICH POSITIONS A, B, AND C WERE TAKEN
APPENDIX II: COLLECTION OF PROTOCOLS
B. Psychological literature
Thought and Choice in Chess
( Psychological Studies )
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