Chapter
Updated Research in Bipolar Disorders: Subtypes, Comorbidities, and Novel Treatment Model
Ru-Band Lu 1,2 and Sheng-Yu Lee2
1Institute of Behavioral Medicine
2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C.
1. Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorders: Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II Disorders
2. Differences in BP-I and BP-II in Genetic and Temperament Studies
The Interaction of Temperament and Genes in BP-I and BP-II
Possible Genetic Distinction between BP-I and BP-II
Candidate Genes for Different Subtypes of Bipolar Disorder
3. Diagnostic Instruments to Detect Bipolar Spectrum and Different Subtypes of Bipolar Disorders
The Chinese Version of the Hypomanic Checklist (HCL-32) as an Instrument for Detection of Hypomania in Patients with Mood Disorders
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Bipolar Spectrum Diagnostic Scale
4. Neuropsychological Testing and Bipolar Disorders
Cognitive Function and Insight
Differences in Neuropsychological Testing between BP-I and BP-II
Difference in Sustained Attention between BP-I and BP-II
5. Bipolar Disorders and Comorbidities
Bipolar Disorders Comorbid with Anxiety Disorder
Impact of Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders on the Presentation, Course, and Outcome of Bipolar Disorders
Bipolar Disorders Comorbid with Alcohol Dependence
Impact of Comorbidity of Alcohol Dependence on the Presentation, Course, and Outcome of Bipolar Disorders
6. Neuropsychological Functions in BP-I and BP-II with Comorbidities
Neuropsychological Functions in BP-I and BP-II comorbid with or without Anxiety Disorders
Impact of Anxiety Disorders Comorbidity on Neuropsychological Function in BP-II
Neuropsychological Functions in BP-I and BP-II comorbid with or without Alcohol Dependence
Neuropsychological Functions in BP-II with and without Alcohol Dependence
7. Proposed Reason for the Low Comorbidity with Bipolar Disorders in the Han Chinese Population
8. Treatment and Bipolar Disorders
Mood Stabilizers and Pathogenesis of Bipolar Disorders
Postmortem Study of Cell Pathology in Bipolar Disorders
Neuroprotective Effects of Mood Stabilizers Through Neurons: Valproate
9. A Hypothesis: Bipolar Disorder as a Neurodegenerative Disease
10. Novel Treatment Model Via Anti-Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Effect for Bipolar Disorder
Dextromethorphan and Neuroprotective Effects
Memantine and Neuroprotective Effect
Social Cognition in Bipolar Disorder
Guillermo Lahera, Paloma García-Ramos and Salvador Ruiz-Murugarren
Department of Psychiatry. Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain)
1. Concept of Social Cognition
2. Social Cognition Assessment
A.1. First-Order False Belief Task
A.2. Second-Order False Belief Task
A.3. Understanding That We Have Put Our Foot in It (Faux Pas Test)
A.4. Task on Understanding Hints (Hinting Task Test)
C) Assessment of Functions Related to ToM
C. 1. Face Emotion Recognition Test:
C. 4. Attributional Style:
C. 5. Reasoning Style (“Jumping To Conclusions”):
3. Social Cognition in Psychopathology
III. Personality Disorders
Borderline Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
4. Social Cognition and Bipolar Disorder
Emotional Processing: Face Emotion Recognition
Neurophysiological Correlation:
Seeking an Explanation for the Deficit…
5. Relevance of Social Cognition Deficit in Bipolar Disorder. Rehabilitation Strategies
Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Implications for Clinical Practice
Emily Manove and Boaz Levy1
Evidence of Cognitive Impairment in BD
Verbal Learning and Memory
Visual Learning and Memory
Set-Shifting/Selective Attention
Social Cognition and Theory of Mind
Functional Implications of Cognitive Impairment in BD
Implications for Clinical Practice
Neuropsychological Assessment
Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Assessment in Bipolar Disorder
Matthew A. Garlinghouse and Samuel T. Gontkovsky
Department of Psychology, The Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, U.S.A.
Neuropsychological Correlates of Bipolar Disorders
Neuroimaging-Based Studies of Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Bipolar Disorders
Structural and Functional Imaging Studies of Neurocognition in Bipolar Disorders
Structural Imaging and Cognition
Functional Imaging and Cognition
Processing Stimuli with an Emotional Valence
Complications in Understanding Neurocognitive Functioning in Bipolar Disorders
Errors, Evolution and Stability of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
Jorge Lopez-Castroman, Santiago Ovejero, Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla and Enrique Baca-Garcia
IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Importance of Diagnostic Stability
Boundaries of Bipolar Disorder
Evolution of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
Stability of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis
Astrocytic Involvement in Bipolar Disorder
Liang Peng1 *, Marina Wolfson2, Ye Chen1 and Leif Hertz1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
2The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
2.1. Inositol Contents and Concentrations
2.2. Inositol Transporters
2.3. Effect of Antibipolar Drugs on pHi
3.1. Enhanced Glutamatergic Activity in Bipolar Disorder
3.2. All Three Antibipolar Drugs Down-Regulate Astrocytic GluK2
Bipolar Disorder and the Experiences of the Chinese Community within New Zealand
Ying Wang1, Marcus Henning1 and Emmanuel Manalo2
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand1, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan2
Issues Relating to Pharmacotherapy
Issues Relating to Psychosocial Interventions
Discussion and Conclusion
The Comorbid Factor: Evidence for a Positive Association between Bipolar Disorders and Anxiety Disorders
Marianna Mazza, Giuseppe Marano and Gianandrea Traversi
Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart of Rome, Italy
The Comorbidity of Bipolar and Anxiety Disorders
The Relationship between Bipolar Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Co-Occurring Conditions: Bipolar Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Bipolar Concomitant Factors in Panic Disorder
Recognizing Social Anxiety Disorder with Comorbid Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar and Anxiety Disorder Patients: Care Opportunities
Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorders and Bipolar Disorder in Youth:
Prognostic Implications and Challenges for Practice
Judge Baker Children’s Center, Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 53 Parker Hill Avenue, Boston, MA 02120-3225, USA
Co-Occurrence of ASD and BD in Youth
Genetic and Neurobiological Correlates of ASD and BD
Clinical and Neurocognitive Functioning in ASD Youth with BD
Diagnostic Considerations
Suicide and Bipolar Disorder:
The State of the Evidence
Michelle Wedig and Lauren M. Weinstock*
Barriers to Understanding of Suicide Risk
Terminology and Definitions in Suicide Research
Terminology and Definitions in Bipolar Disorder Research
Phenomenology and Correlates of Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder
Clinical Correlates and Predictors
Treatment of Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder
Psychosocial Interventions
Summary and Future Directions
Mood Polarity and Course of Illness
Assessment and Treatment Development
Adverse Vascular Effects of Medications Used in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
Jess G. Fiedorowicza,b , Nora S. Metza
Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis
QT Prolongation and Sudden Cardiac Death
Management and Monitoring
Bipolar Disorder: Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
( Psychology of Emotions, Motivations and Actions )
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