Description
Mountain Ice and Water: Investigations of the Hydrologic Cycle in Alpine Environments is a new volume of papers reviewed and edited by John Shroder, Emeritus Professor of Geography and Geology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA, and Greg Greenwood, Director of the Mountain Research Initiative from Bern, Switzerland.
Chapters in this book were derived from research papers that were delivered at the Perth III Conference on Mountains of our Future Earth in Scotland in October 2015. The conference was established to help develop the knowledge necessary to respond effectively to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change and to support transformations toward global sustainability in the coming decades.
To this end, the conference and book have investigated the future situation in mountains from three points of view. (1) Dynamic Planet: Observing, explaining, understanding, and projecting Earth, environmental, and societal system trends, drivers, and processes and their interactions to anticipate global thresholds and risks, (2) Global Sustainable Development: Increasing knowledge for sustainable, secure, and fair stewardship of biodiversity, food, water, health, energy, materials, and other ecosystem services, and (3) Transformations towards Sustainability: Understanding transformation processes and options, assessing how these relate to human values, emerging technologies and social and economic development p
Chapter
The Cape Midlands Escarpment
THE DRAKENSBERG AS A SOURCE OF WATER
Weather Systems Bringing Rain to the Drakensberg
Important Water Resource Areas in the Drakensberg
Heavy Rains and the Effect of Land Management on Discharge and Siltation
Long-Term Change in Mountain Rainfall
Long-Term Changes in River Discharge
HUMAN WATER DEMAND FROM THE DRAKENSBERG
Water Requirements of the South African Economy
The Economic Value of Water From the Drakensberg
Utilization of Water From the Drakensberg
Projections of Sectoral Water Use From the Drakensberg
SOUTH AFRICAN WATER GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT
South African Water Governance and Legislation
Lesotho Water Governance and Catchment Management
POTENTIAL CONSTRAINTS ON WATER SUPPLY
Effects of Human Activities
Effects of Climate Change
The Mpumalanga Drakensberg
The Cape Midlands Escarpment
SYNTHESIS FROM RESEARCH TO DATE
IMPROVING THE SECURITY OF MOUNTAIN WATER CATCHMENTS IN A SEMI-ARID REGION
Improved Knowledge of the Factors Affecting Mountain Water Catchments
An Approach for Improved Mountain Ecosystem Governance
2 - Mountain Area Glaciers of Russia in the 20th and the Beginning of the 21st Centuries
GLACIER SYSTEMS RECEIVING MOISTURE FROM THE ATLANTIC. SUBARCTIC LATITUDES: KHIBINY, URALS, PUTORANA, BYRRANGA, AND ORULGAN
TEMPERATE LATITUDES: THE CAUCASUS, ALTAI, KUZNETSKY ALATAU, VOSTOCHNY SAYAN, BARGUZIN AND BAIKAL RANGES, KODAR RANGE
Decrease in Glacier Areas of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range
Changes in Mt. Elbrus Glaciers
Retreat of Glacier Fronts
Dynamics of Glaciers of Katunsky, Severo-Chuisky, and Yuzhno-Chuisky Ranges
GLACIER SYSTEMS RECEIVING MOISTURE FROM PACIFIC. CHUKOTKA, KORYAK, KOLYMA, CHERSKY, SUNTAR-HAYATA, KAMCHATKA
Data and Research Methodology
Contemporary Condition of Glaciers in Kamchatka and Its Variations
Volcano Group Klyuchevskaya (Fig. 2.39)
THE TREND IN DYNAMICS OF MOUNTAIN GLACIERS IN RUSSIA
CHANGES IN CLIMATIC VARIABLES
3 - Inorganic Chemistry in the Mountain Critical Zone: Are the Mountain Water Towers of Contemporary Society Under ...
WHY GOING INTO THE FIELD TO INVESTIGATE MOUNTAINS
POTENTIALLY HARMFUL TRACE ELEMENTS
Deposition by Cloud or Fog Interception: Occult Deposition
PHTEs Deposition and Accumulation Along Altitudinal Gradients
PHTEs and Altitudinal Dependency
LEGACY POLLUTION IN MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENTS
Environmental Archives: Example of Pb Pollution
Reconstructions of Other Trace Elements
ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF PHTES IN THE MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT
Release of Inorganic Pollutants Into the Mountain Watersheds
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
4 - Water and Sustainability in the Lake Mývatn Region of Iceland: Historical Perspectives and Current Concerns
Documentary Historical Sources
Archaeological Information
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL SYSTEMS
Climate Variability in the Past
Physical Environment, Geology, Hydrology
HUMAN SYSTEMS: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY
Governance and Land Tenure
Resources and Sustainability
Waterbirds of Lake Mývatn
Fish Species of Lake Mývatn
Woods, Iceland Moss, and Edible Plants
Energy Resources and Related Issues
WATER AND SUSTAINABILITY: POSTSCRIPT
5 - Precipitation and Conifer Response in Semiarid Mountains: A Case From the 2012–15 Drought in the Great Basin, USA
Precipitation in the Great Basin
Relationships of Great Basin Vegetation Zones to Precipitation
The 2012–15 North American Drought
OBSERVATIONS FROM A GREAT BASIN MOUNTAIN GRADIENT
Study Site and Data Descriptions
Summary Precipitation Characteristics
Mean Monthly Precipitation
Total Monthly Precipitation by Year
Fractions of Frozen Precipitation Across the Gradient
Daily Ecohydrological Patterns Across the Gradient
Storm Event Identification
Evolution of Daily Ecohydrology Across the Gradient
Pinyon-Juniper Site (2200m)
Seasonality of Precipitation Under Regional Drought
Opportunistic Behavior in Great Basin Trees
Roles of Snow and Frozen Precipitation
6 - Impact of Hydropower on Mountain Communities in Teesta Basin of Eastern Himalaya, India
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ENERGY DEMAND
Economic Growth and Energy Consumption Nexus in India
HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS OF INDIA
DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER IN THE TEESTA BASIN OF THE EASTERN HIMALAYA
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF TEESTA LOW DAM PROJECTS IN DARJEELING
DEMOGRAPHIC AND LIVELIHOOD CHANGES IN TEESTA LOW DAM PROJECTS AREA
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE TEESTA LOW DAM PROJECTS ON MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES
Hydropower Projects Impact on Livelihood in Teesta Low Dam Projects Region
Hydropower Projects Impact on Education and Health in Teesta Low Dam Projects Region
Impact of Teesta Low Dam Project on Infrastructure
Impact of Teesta Low Dam Projects on Mountain Culture
Impact of Hydropower Project on Mountain Environment
7 - Climate Vulnerability, Water Vulnerability: Challenges to Adaptation in Eastern Himalayan Springsheds
WHAT IS CLIMATE VULNERABILITY? CONTEXTUAL SPECIFICITY
SOUTH SIKKIM CASE STUDY: CONTEXTUAL COMPLEXITY
Dhara Vikas Outcomes Assessments
WATER VULNERABILITY: CONTEXTUAL UNCERTAINTIES
Challenges in Understanding Spring Discharge and Recharge Dynamics
Challenges in Understanding Monsoon Rainfall
Other Nonmeteorological Forcings
WATER VULNERABILITY: DISTRIBUTION AND EQUITY
Supply- and Demand-Side Problems
Livelihood Diversification Schemes
CONCLUSION: DEFINING CLIMATE VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION
8 - Neotropical Mountains Beyond Water Supply: Environmental Services as a Trifecta of Sustainable Mountain Development
IS THERE AN ANDEAN VISION OF WATER?
WEALTH OF THE CLOUD FORESTS
BIOCULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF MIST AND MAGIC
THE ROLE OF THE SACRED IN CONSERVATION
9 - What Future for Mountain Glaciers? Insights and Implications From Long-Term Monitoring in the Austrian Alps
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF METHODS
Mass Balance Measurements
Accumulation of Seasonal Snow
GLACIER MONITORING NETWORK IN AUSTRIA
Length Changes: Simple Measurements, Complex Signal
Mass Balance Measurements
Glacier Inventories: Area and Volume Changes
Snow Accumulation on Glaciers
ARE THE SURVEYED GLACIERS REPRESENTATIVE OF ALL AUSTRIAN GLACIERS?
FUTURE CHALLENGES FOR GLACIER MONITORING IN AUSTRIA
Mountain Ice and Water
：Investigations of the Hydrologic Cycle in Alpine Environments
( Volume 21 )
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