Chapter
3.1 Growth in real GDP per capita in the Arab Near East
3.2 List of selected conflicts and wars in the Mashreq region
3.3 Military spending as a percentage of GDP for selected Arab countries, 1988–2005
11.1 Preparatory completion and type of secondary school attended; young people, 15–19 years of age, 2006
11.2 Type of technical secondary school attended by year
11.3 Type of technical secondary school programme attended, by gender, 2005/06
11.4 Type of higher education attended by type of secondary completed, age 25–29, 2006
11.5 Type of higher education attended by type of secondary school completed and wealth quintiles, young people, age19–23, 2006
5.1 Evolution of the number and area of farms in Egypt of less than one feddan, 1982, 1990, 2000
5.2 Evolution of the number of farms in Egypt classified into area categories, 1982, 1990, 2000
5.3 Evolution of the area of farms in Egypt classified into area categories, 1982, 1990, 2000
5.4 Evolution of the number of owned and rented farms in Egypt, 1982, 1990, 2000
5.5 Evolution of the area of owned and rented farms in Egypt, 1982, 1990, 2000
11.1 The structure of the education system in Egypt
2 | Marginality: curse or cure?
The term and its trajectory
Marginality and modernity
Marginality and capitalism
3 | Accumulation by encroachment in the
Arab Mashreq
Table 3.1 Growth in real GDP per capita in the Arab Near East
An inherently comprador ruling class
Table 3.2 List of selected conflicts and wars in the Mashreq region
Table 3.3 Military spending as a percentage of GDP for selected Arab countries, 1988–2005
Peripheralization in the Arab Near East
A post-revolutionary age?
PART TWO Creating and reproducing
marginality
4 | Marginality or abjection? The political economy of poverty production in Egypt
Poverty in the Middle East
The (re)production of poverty
5 | The marginalization of the small peasantry: Egypt and Tunisia
Social marginalization in Egypt
Economic liberalization and the marginalization of Egypt’s peasants
Law 96 of 1992: the revenge of large landowners and the marginalization of small farmers and tenants
Figure 5.1 Evolution of the number and area of farms in Egypt of less than one feddan, 1982, 1990, 2000
Figure 5.2 Evolution of the number of farms in Egypt classified into area categories, 1982, 1990, 2000
Figure 5.3 Evolution of the area of farms in Egypt classified into area categories, 1982, 1990, 2000
Figure 5.4 Evolution of the number of owned and rented farms in Egypt, 1982, 1990, 2000
Figure 5.5 Evolution of the area of owned and rented farms in Egypt, 1982, 1990, 2000
Land fragmentation and peasant marginalization in Egypt
Near-landless – less than two feddans: the losers
Landholdings of two to five feddans: dispossession and accumulation
The Tunisian south-east: social and spatial marginalization
Oasis in danger: from palms to concrete
Shortage of water: dried springs
Agribusiness marginalizes small farmers and reduces local biodiversity
6 | Margins and frontiers
Intellectuals and lifestyle choices
Ascribed marginality: the Upper Egyptian low-status tribe
7 | Transport thugs: spatial marginalization in a Cairo suburb
Spatial marginality and livelihoods
8 | Against marginalization: workers, youth and class in the 25 January revolution
Trade unions, workers and the struggles for justice
9 | National geographical targeting of poverty in Upper Egypt
The geographical targeting approach to poverty reduction
Poverty mapping trials in Egypt
Egypt’s poverty map in 2007
Geographical targeting and social policies in Egypt
Targeting the poorest 1,000 villages: project design and implementation
Geographical targeting of poverty: Asyut governorate
Project operational structure in Asyut
Administrative and local power
The village and targeting
Data validity and reliability
Local definitions of poverty
10 | Working with street kids: unsettling accounts from the field
Participatory action research (PAR)
Methodological challenges
The kids’ manipulations and the workers’ acculturation
Invisible others: the gatekeepers
Managing emotions: fear and prejudice
Sensitive issues: drug consumption and sexuality
11 | Marginalization and self-marginalization: commercial education and its graduates
The 1952 revolution and education
Problems of education: marginality and inequality
Figure 11.1 The structure of the education system in Egypt
Table 11.1 Preparatory completion and type of secondary school attended; young people, 15–19 years of age, 2006
Table 11.2 Type of technical secondary school attended by year
Table 11.3 Type of technical secondary school programme attended, by gender, 2005/06
The beginning of the crisis: who pays the price?
Table 11.4 Type of higher education attended by type of secondary completed, age 25–29, 2006
Chronic problems of technical education
Table 11.5 Type of higher education attended by type of secondary school completed and wealth quintiles, young people, age 19–23, 2006
The labour market and university education
12 | Disability in transition in Egypt: between marginalization and rights
Reveal or conceal?: disability figures in Egypt
The services provided by governmental and non-governmental institutions
Governmental institutions
Non-governmental institutions
The boiling point: pre-revolutionary and revolutionary times
Marginality and Exclusion in Egypt
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