Chapter
Introduction: entre fiestas y bloqueos (between fiestas and blockades)
1 | Neoliberal globalization: the challenge of maintaining hegemony
Neoliberalism in practice: structural adjustment and the Washington Consensus
Neoliberalism as a hegemonic system
Neoliberalism and the state
Resistance to neoliberalism and challenges to hegemony
2 | From Francisco de Toledo to Jeffrey Sachs
Reshaping the Andes: the Spanish invasion
Republican heritage: the legacy of liberalism
The resurgence of silver and the rise of tin
The Chaco War and the 1952 revolution
Return to civilian rule and economic crisis
Global pressure and local response
3 | The neoliberal incursion: structural adjustment and the New Economic Policy
Bolivia’s economy before neoliberalism
The New Economic Policy (NEP) and Presidential Decree 21060
Impacts of the NEP, 1985–93
Constructing hegemony: cocaine, contraband, the informal economy and remittances
Constructing hegemony: debilitating the COB
Constructing hegemony: NGOs and the Church
The MIR–ADN coalition, 1989–93
4 | Reinventing Bolivia: the Plan de Todos
Deepening citizenship rights: constitutional reform
Civil rights: agrarian and judicial reform
Political rights: popular participation and administrative decentralization
Social rights: education reform
Social and economic rights: privatization and the Law of Capitalization
Social responses to the new laws
Four years restructuring Bolivia: ‘If-then’ policies in ‘Yes-but’ environments
5 | Privatization Bolivian-style
Privatization and the practice of neoliberalism
Privatization and capitalization in Bolivia
New opportunities for rent-seeking
Social responses to capitalization
The Bolivian economy after capitalization
6 | Municipal reform, social movements and new electoral politics
Decentralization, participation and development
Bolivia’s Law of Popular Participation (LPP)
New roles for local actors
7 | The neoliberal wars: water, taxes and gas
Reformulating opposition in the 1990s
The water war: a turning point
Campesino uprisings, April and September 2000
The rise of the landless campesino movement
The political success of the MAS
8 | Global trends and local responses: contesting neoliberalism
Neoliberal hegemony: fractured, fragmented and mutilated
Nationalist challenges to global neoliberal hegemony
Challenges in constructing an anti-neoliberaldiscourse
Limitations of national resistance movements in a global market
Impasse in Bolivia
：Neoliberal Hegemony and Popular Resistance
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