Chapter
An approach to studying politics
Continuity and change in politics
The inappropriateness of reform as an organizational motif
Box 1.1 Vietnam’s formal political system at a glance
Changing class interests under reform
From one-party rule to what?
2 New state business interests
Ho Chi Minh City’s depiction in the literature
Questioning the received wisdom
The rise of new state business interests
Box 2.1 New state business in Ho Chi Minh City in the 1990s
Existing state enterprises diversifying into new areas
The establishment of new state enterprises
The formation of private companies
The growth of the gatekeeping state
Table 2.1 Public-sector employment by local management in Ho Chi Minh City
Table 2.2 Public-sector employment in Ho Chi Minh City, 1990–98
Reformist or more parochial interests?
Conclusion: explaining Ho Chi Minh City’s evolution under ‘reform’
The literature on corruption
4 Hollowing out the state
Why did equitization initially proceed so slowly before speeding up?
The push factor: less hospitable conditions in the state sector
The pull factor: improving the private-sector climate
Assessing the performance of equitized enterprises
Box 4.1 Post-equitization performance in three provinces
The manner of equitization: future implications
Discipline and encouragement
The nature of ownership: insiders or outsiders?
The nature of ownership: concentrated or diffuse?
Box 4.2 Ownership breakdown of 336 equitized companies
Valuing state enterprise assets
Continued state ownership: cash flow and property rights issues
5 Uncertainty as aninstrument of rule
Privatization as state advance
Company attitude to equitization
State attitude to equitization
How long did equitization take?
Shareholding structure after equitization
Company directors after equitization
Firm decision-making after equitization
Equitization as ‘private indirect government’
Box 5.1 Additional background on companies interviewed
Globalization and the state
Conceptualizing the state
Box 6.1 Why the state matters: views from enterprises in Vietnam’s Lao Cai and Tay Ninh provinces
Table 6.1 Expanded trade flows in the Greater Mekong Subregion
Private and transnational actors
Table 6.2 Private-sector growth in Lao Cai and Tay Ninh
Box 6.2 Transnational organizations in Lao Cai and Tay Ninh
A stronger state in the era of globalization explained
Box 6.3 Origins of private-sector actors in Vietnam’s Lao Cai and Tay Ninh provinces
Box 7.1 What is the Political Report?
How have past congresses been analysed?
Past congress analysis critiqued
The circulation of patronage and political protection
Box 7.2 Changes to the Politburo at the Tenth Congress
The pre-‘reform’ Vietnamese state
The post-‘reform’ Vietnamese state
Vietnam and the regulatory state
How do people act politically in Vietnam?
Towards a new research agenda
What might a universal theory of the state look like?
Variation within the universal
Vietnam
：Rethinking the State
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